豫东平原高产夏花生生理生态指标及产量结构研究  

Study on Physiological and Ecological Index and Yield Structure of High-yielding Summer Peanut in Eastern Plain of Henan Province

作　　者：郭振升[1] 张慎举[1] 皇甫自起[1] 苏天增[2] 侯乐新 

机构地区：[1]商丘职业技术学院,河南商丘476005 [2]商丘师范学院,河南商丘476000 [3]商丘市睢阳区农科所,河南商丘476100

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第2期122-127,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(001020106)

摘　　要：为探索高产夏花生生理生态指标及相关技术参数,采用田间试验方法,结合群、个体植株分析,探讨了豫东平原生态区夏花生高产(6 000 kg/hm2以上)条件下生育进程及其与叶龄的关系、群体开花结实动态、植株干物质积累及氮磷钾三要素需求规律等。结果表明,豫东生态区高产夏花生生育历时102～116 d;7～8片叶始花,8～9片叶形成果针,11～12片叶初现幼果,13～14片叶形成秕果,16～17片叶形成饱果;群体开花时间持续20 d左右,单株开花90～120朵,植株第1,2对侧枝上的结实花蕾及其饱果数分别占全株总数的65%和30%;出苗后50 d植株干物质积累最快,结果后37 d荚果干质量增长最快;各生育期叶面积系数分别是:幼苗期0.5～0.8、花针期2.9～3.1、结荚期3.9～4.2、结果期2.2～2.4;全生育期总光合势为251.5～272.5 m2.d,不同生育期净光合生产率分别是:幼苗期11.3～12.1 g/(m2.d)、花针期5.8～6.9 g/(m2.d)、结荚期5.5～5.8 g/(m2.d)、饱果成熟期3.1～3.5 g/(m2.d);在6000 kg/hm2荚果产量水平下,夏花生需要氮磷钾三要素养分总量分别为:N 375.6 kg/hm2、P2O585.8 kg/hm2和K2O174.6 kg/hm2,三要素之比为1∶0.23∶0.46。不同类型夏花生品种实现高产的产量结构为:早熟品种31.5万～32.0万株/hm2,单株果数10～12个,百果质量175～195 g,荚果产量6 019.6～6 038.5 kg/hm2;中熟品种29.5万～31.0万株/hm2,单株果数11个左右,百果质量202 g,荚果产量6 155.0～6 182.1 kg/hm2。To explore the ecological and physiological indicators and the related technical parameters of high-yielding summer peanut in eastern plain of Henan Province,the conventional field experiment combining with the analysis of population and（individual plant was used to study the development process and its relation with the leaf age,the flowering and fruiting dynamic of population,the plant dry matter accumulation and the NPK requirement laws in high-yielding cultivation condition（6 000 kg/ha）.The results showed that,for the summer peanut in eastern region of Henan,the whole growth period was 102-116 days,the initial flowering time began at 7-8 leaves,the forming fruit needle at 8-9 leaves,the young fruits at 11-12 leaves,the abortive fruits at 13-14 leaves and the full fruits at 16-17 leaves.The flowering duration of population lasted for about 20 days.The flower number per plant was 90-120.The numbers of bearing buds and full fruits in first and second lateral branches accounted for 65% and 30% of the whole plant,respectively.The plant dry matter accumulated the fastest after 50 days of emergence,and the dry weight of pods grew the fastest after 37 days of bearing fruits.The coefficient of leaf area during different growth period was 0.5-0.8 at seedling stage,2.9-3.1 at fancy stitch stage,3.9-4.2 at podding stage and 2.2-2.4 at fruit bearing stage.The total photosynthetic potential in whole growth period was 251.5-272.5 m2 · d.The net photosynthetic rate in different growth period was 11.3-12.1 g/（m2 · d） at seedling stage,5.8-6.9 g/（m2 · d） at fancy stitch stage,5.5-5.8 g/（m2 · d） at podding stage and 3.1-3.5 g/（m2 · d） at full fruit maturation.In 6 000 kg/ha pod yield level of summer peanut,the total amount of N,P and K nutrient was 375.6,85.8,174.6 kg/ha,respectively,the ratio of three key elements being 1：0.23：0.46.It was concluded that the production structure of different types of summer peanut varieties in high yield condition was 315 000-320 000 strains/ha,individual fruit nu

关 键 词：豫东平原 夏花生 生理生态指标 产量结构 高产栽培 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]