冬绿肥二月兰-春玉米体系中施肥后的土壤氨挥发特征  

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization after Fertilization in February Orchid/Spring Maize System

作　　者：熊静[1] 王改兰[1] 曹卫东[2,3] 白金顺[2] 杨璐[4] 高嵩涓[4] 志水胜 曾闹华[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院农科资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [4]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [5]筑波大学农林学系,日本茨城县305-8572

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第2期150-154,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所202-6);作物种质资源保护和利用项目(NB2012-2130135-34);国家农作物种质资源平台运行服务项目

摘　　要：在二月兰-春玉米体系中,运用土壤氨挥发原位测定方法,分别在玉米基肥和追肥时期测定土壤氨挥发量,以探索二月兰翻压后土壤氨挥发特征。结果表明,基肥时期氨挥发量在0.94～3.27 kg/hm2,氨挥发导致的氮损失率为1.34%～2.91%,占玉米季氨挥发总量的3.12%～6.80%;相同施氮水平下,有绿肥处理氨挥发量高于无绿肥处理,平均高出1.04 kg/hm2。追肥时期,各施肥处理的氨挥发量为27.17～46.81 kg/hm2,氨挥发引起的氮损失率为34.50%～41.61%,占氨挥发总量的93.20%-96.88%,相同施氮水平下有无绿肥处理之间无明显差异。从春玉米整个生育期来看,氨挥发随着施氮量的增加而增加,二月兰翻压对氨挥发无明显影响,各施肥处理春玉米季由于氨挥发导致的氮损失量为28.50～48.32 kg/hm2,氮损失率为16.28%～20.20%。In the February Orchid（Orychophragmus violaceus）/Spring Maize（Zea mays L.）system,ammonia volatilization was investigated by the method of in situ field determination during the basal and top dressing fertilization periods of spring maize to study the characteristics of ammonia volatilization after the February Orchid was incorporated into soil as green manure.The results showed that the ammonia volatilization amounts ranged from 0.94 kg/ha to 3.27 kg/ha after the basal fertilization,the N loss rates resulted from ammonia volatilization were 1.34%-2.91%,accounting for 3.12%-6.80% of the total ammonia volatilization amounts of the whole spring maize season.Under the same nitrogen application levels,the ammonia volatilization amounts of treatments with green manure were averagely 1.04 kg/ha higher than those without green manure.After top dressing fertilization,the ammonia volatilization amounts were 27.17-46.81 kg/ha,and the N loss rates caused by ammonia volatilization varied from 34.50% to 41.61%,accounting for 93.20%-96.88% of the total ammonia volatilization amounts.No obvious differences were observed between the treatments with and without green manure.In general,the ammonia volatilization increased as a result of the N addition,while was little affected by the green manure.During the whole spring maize season,total ammonia volatilization amounts ranged from 28.50 kg/ha to 48.32 kg/ha in the treatments of fertilization,meanwhile,the N loss rates caused by ammonia volatilization varied from 16.28% to 20.20%.

关 键 词：二月兰 氨挥发 春玉米 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学]