施肥方式对土壤甲螨群落结构影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Oribatid Mite Community in Farmland

作　　者：战丽莉[1,2] 许艳丽[1] 韩晓增[1] 裴希超 赵刚 王建华 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室海伦农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]黑河出入境检验检疫局,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第2期214-218,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-408-3)

摘　　要：为明确施肥方式对东北黑土区土壤甲螨群落结构的影响,选取东北黑土长期定位施肥试验区,以无肥(NF)、化肥(CF)和化肥配施有机肥(CMF)3种施肥方式为研究对象。采用改良干漏斗法分离0～5,5～10,10～15cm土壤甲螨,比较了3种施肥方式下土壤甲螨群落结构及空间分布的异同,分析了施肥方式对土壤甲螨群落结构特征及其多样性的影响。结果表明施肥方式可以影响甲螨的数量及其在土壤中的垂直分布;化肥配施有机肥处理土壤甲螨的个体数量显著高于其他2种施肥方式,且化肥配施有机肥土壤中甲螨表聚特征明显,而无肥处理中土壤甲螨垂直分布表聚现象出现逆转。施肥方式对土壤甲螨多样性的影响在7月体现较为明显,有机肥的施入使土壤甲螨的多样性和丰富度显著优于其他2种施肥方式。通过对土壤甲螨群落结构进行MGP分析发现,肥料的施入对土壤甲螨群落结构的数量组成影响较为明显,而对土壤甲螨的类群组成无影响。施肥方式可以影响土壤甲螨群落结构,尤其是有机肥的施用可以显著改善土壤环境,为土壤甲螨提供良好的生存条件,因此,适当施用有机肥可以改善农田生态系统生态环境。Oribatid mite is the most important indictors in soil ecosystem.The relationship between fertilization and oribatid mite community was studied at long-term fertilization area of black soil northeast China for defining the effect of fertilization on Oribatid mite community.Three types of fertilization were carried out in this study including No-fertilizer（NF）,Chemical-fertilizer（CF）and Chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure（CMF）.Modified Tullgren method was used to extract Oribatid mite from 0-5,5-10,10-15 cm layers of soil.Community and vertical distribution of Oribatid mite were compared between fertilization.Effect of fertilization on character of Oribatid mite community and diversity was analyzed.The results showed that the individual number and vertical distribution of Oribatid mite under threes fertilization was significantly different.The individual number in CMF was significant higher than the other two fertilizations and the surface accumulative phenomenon was found in CMF treatment obviously.the surface accumulative phenomenon was reversed in NF.Effect of fertilization on Oribatid mite diversity was obviously found in July,the diversity and abundance of CMF was better than the other two Fertilizations.From the MGP analysis,the individual number of Oribatid mite was affected by fertilization,but the group number was not.Fertilization has influence on soil Oribatid mite community,especially the application of organic manure can improve soil environment,provides a good living condition for soil Oribatid mite,therefore,the appropriate application of organic manure can improve the ecological environment of farmland ecological system.

关 键 词：施肥方式 土壤甲螨 MGP分析 群落结构 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]