1992年96号法与埃及佃农的政治转向——兼论穆巴拉克政权垮台的乡村因素  

The Law 96 of 1992 and Egyptian Cottiers' Political Turnaround——Also on the Several Factors Consisting in Countryside Which Caused the Fall of Mubarak Regime

作　　者：刘志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2013年第3期33-47,共15页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2012年国家社会科学基金一般项目"中东现代化进程中的世俗政治与宗教政治研究"(12BSS014);2009年教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目"中东政治现代化进程研究"(2009JJD770023)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1992年穆巴拉克政权出台96号法,放松对地产面积的限制并废除纳赛尔时代的永佃制度。1997年10月1日,96号法全面实施,佃农对穆巴拉克从期待转为绝望,与政府和地主展开激烈对抗,穆巴拉克政权在乡村的统治基础空前萎缩。2011年穆巴拉克政权垮台,不仅源于城市民众的反抗,而且与丧失乡村小农的支持密切相关。1992年96号法的执行过程表明:埃及"三农"问题长期存在的主要原因在于政府与国民、城市与乡村、地主与小农、精英与民众的政治资源分配不均。同时,农业发展和农村繁荣离不开农民政治权利的实现;仅仅改变地权和经营方式,而不赋予农民平等参政的权利,难以从根本上解放农民、发展农业和繁荣农村。In 1992, Mubarak regime introduced the Law 96, which loosed the restrictions on the farmland size and abolished permanent tenancy system. From October 1st 1997, cottiers lost expectation and confidence in Mubarak, and antagonized the government as well as the landowners, when the Law 96 of 1992 began to be put into practice, rule foundation on which Mubarak regime was based shrank unprecedentedly at the same time. President Mubarak resigned not only the townsfolks＇ revolt, but also a lack of in 2011, which resulted from support from the petty farmers. The enforcement of the Law 96 of 1992 indicates that the issues concerning Egyptian agriculture, countryside and peasants have been persisting for many years, and they mostly originate from the power -fall between government and citizens, cities and countrysides, landowners and petty farmers, the classes and husbandmen. So agricultural developments, the prosperities of the countryside couldn ＇ t be achieved without realizing of peasants＇ democratic rights; Only transforming the real estate system, but not endowing peasants with the equal rights of participating in political activities, the problems of liberation of the peasants, of promoting the agricultural productivity and bringing prosperity to the countryside can not be easily addressed.

关 键 词：“三农”问题 埃及 穆巴拉克 1992年96号法 

分 类 号：D741.1[政治法律—政治学]