微生物清防蜡技术研究及应用  

Research and Application of Microbial Paraffin-removal Technology

作　　者：刘江红[1] 贾云鹏[1] 徐瑞丹[2] 陈逸桐[1] 王鉴[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院石油与天然气化工省重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期82-85,共4页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12531064)

摘　　要：利用从大庆含蜡原油中分离、纯化得到的微生物清防蜡菌种和高产表活剂菌种,经鉴定清防蜡菌种和高产表活剂菌种均为芽孢杆菌属.以菌种对固体石蜡的降解率为指标,按照不同的比例将清防蜡菌种和高产表活剂菌种混合接种.当清防蜡菌种与高产表活剂菌种的复配比例是5∶3时,培养7d后,清蜡率达到59%,防蜡率达到57.4%,原油粘度降粘率为44.7%,原油凝固点降低了3.4℃,培养液表面张力降低46.5%.采用微生物清防蜡技术对大庆外围榆树林油田的3口井进行现场试验,井12-36日产油增长41.2%,洗井周期由40d延长至149d,减少洗井次数4次;井13-39日产油增长33.3%,洗井周期由45d延长至158d,减少洗井次数5次;井14-43日产油增长37.5%,洗井周期由30d延长至122d,减少洗井次数5次.Microorganisms were obtained by means of separation and purification experiments from waxy oil production wells in Daqing Oilfield. The paraffin-degrading strain and the biosurfactant-producing strain were identified as Bacillus sp.. As the indicator of the paraffin degradation rate, the paraffin-degrad- ing strain and biosurfactant-producing strain were added in different proportions. When the optimum pro- portion was 5 ~ 3, the paraffin degradation rate could reach 59%, the paraffin prevention rate could reach 57.4%, the reduction rate of oil viscosity was 44.7%, the oil freezing point reduced by 3.4 ℃, and the re- duction rate of culture surface tension was 46.5 % after 7 days. Microbial paraffin-removal technology was used for paraffin removal in Wells 12--36, 13--39 and 14--43 in Yushulin Zone Daqing Oilfield. The re- suits indicated that the daily crude oil increased by 41.2%, hot washing cycles prolonged from 40 d to 149d and washing numbers reduced by 4 times in Well 12--36, the daily crude oil increased by 33. 3%, hot washing cycles prolonged from 45 d to 158 d and hot washing numbers reduced by 5 times in Well 13--39, the daily crude oil increased by 37.5%, hot washing cycles prolonged from 30d to 122 d and hot washingnumbers reduced by 5 times in Well 14--43.

关 键 词：微生物 芽孢杆菌属 蜡 降解 原油 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]