从军事城堡到塞北都会——1429—1929年张家口城市性质的嬗变  

From Military Fort to Metropolis in the North of the Great Wall:The Zhangjiakou’s Designated Function Changes During the Year of 1529 to 1929

作　　者：王洪波[1] 韩光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,中国北京100871

出　　处：《经济地理》2013年第5期72-76,共5页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41071074)

摘　　要：张家口作为明代以来北方农牧交错带上兴起的典型城市,在汉蒙民族对抗中产生,在民族交流与融合中发展。自明朝宣德四年(1429年)张家口堡修筑至民国十八年(1929年)张库商道断绝,城市由此衰落,500年间张家口经历了汉蒙对峙、汉蒙互市、对外通商三个主要发展阶段,逐步由一处单纯的军事据点成长为著名的塞北都会。在实地考察的基础上,参考明清及民国有关张家口文献和前人研究成果,对这三个阶段张家口的城市发展特点进行了分析,并初步探讨了张家口城市发展的影响因素。Zhangjiakou locates in the transition zone between North China Plain and Inner Mongolian Plateau and was also in the convergence zone between the agriculture civilization zone and the grasslands civilization zone.From the year of 1429, the Fort of Zhangjiakou was constructed. To the year of 1929,when Zhangku trade was ceased, in the 500 years, Zhangjiakou experienced three development stages, which means the confrontation between Han and Mongolian then the trade between Hail and Mongolian, foreign＇trade between China and Russia, all this made Zhangjiakou from a pure military fort to a famouse metropolis in the North of the Great Wall.On the basis of the field work and making use of the historical documents, we analysed the three development stages＇ characteristic and discussed the influencing factor behind the development of Zhangjiakou.

关 键 词：军事城堡 塞北都会 张家口 蒙汉互市 中俄贸易 

分 类 号：F291.1[经济管理—国民经济]