水下打桩和船舶噪声对斑海豹听觉影响的初步分析  

Preliminary analysis on the impact of underwater pile driving noise and shipping noise on spotted seal(Phoca largha)

作　　者：苏冠龙[1] 许肖梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院水声通信与海洋信息技术教育部重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2013年第2期178-183,共6页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201105011-3)

摘　　要：通过测定水下打桩和船舶噪声,利用Matlab软件对两类典型海洋噪声的时-频统计特性进行分析,结合斑海豹听阈和发声频域特性,分析水下打桩和船舶噪声对斑海豹的影响.结果表明:水下打桩及船舶噪声的主要能量分布频段(0～4.0 kHz)与斑海豹听阈敏感频段(0.1～100.0 kHz)及发声频段(0.4～1.5 kHz)相重叠;水下打桩噪声所产生的强噪声声源级(206 dB)会高于斑海豹可忍受的最高声源级(190 dB).由此推断,两类噪声会对斑海豹的生境产生严重干扰,轻者可能导致斑海豹的习性改变及感知和交流能力减弱,重者则会造成斑海豹的听阈丧失.本研究为斑海豹的声学保护提供声学参数依据,并为进一步深入研究提供参考.By analyzing the frequency characteristics of the vocalizations of spotted seal（Phoca largha）, measuring and comparing the noise from underwater pile driving and shipping, we conducted a preliminary analysis for the possible impacts that spotted seals could has suffered from the noises. The results show that the source levels of noises from underwater pile driving（206 dB）exceeded the maximum sound level that a seal could tolerant（ 190 dB）. The main energy centralized frequencies of impact underwater pile driving noise and shipping noise （0 -4.0 kHz） covered the most sensitive （0. 1 - 100.0 kHz）and the vocalization frequency bands （0. 4 - 1.5 kHz）of spotted seals. We could draw a conclusion that spotted seals could be seriously disturbed by either noise if they existed in seals＇ habitats. As the consequence of noise exposure, seals could be forced to abandon their original foraging or breeding area to avoid the masking of their social communication sounds. Moreover, the threshold shift could be a more serious damage to seal＇s audibility, and if this happened it would result in behavior alteration or less sensitive to environment and vocal communication, affecting abilities such as prey or vessel avoidance, mating chance, foraging, etc. The purpose of this article is to provide a background reference for the acoustic conservation of spotted seals, and give guidance to our further study.

关 键 词：海洋生物声学 斑海豹 水下打桩噪声 船舶噪声 声学保护 

分 类 号：Q62[生物学—生物物理学]