不同基因型油菜氮素利用效率的差异及其与农艺性状和氮营养性状的关系  

Differences of nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) genotypes and their relations to agronomic and nitrogen characteristics

作　　者：杨睿[1,2] 伍晓明[2] 安蓉[1] 李亚军[1] 张玉莹[1] 陈碧云[2] 高亚军[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062 [3]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2013年第3期586-596,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0465);西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划项目资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验对50个甘蓝型油菜基因型进行氮利用效率筛选,并将不同氮利用效率基因型在施氮(N 180kg/hm2)和不施氮(N 0 kg/hm2)条件下的农艺性状和氮营养性状作了比较研究。结果表明,50个油菜基因型的氮利用效率具有显著差异,最大相差2.5倍(施氮)和1.7倍(不施氮)。油菜的农艺性状及氮素营养性状指标均表现出一定的基因型变异,其中第一个有效分枝高度变异系数最大,超过50%,而籽粒含氮量的变异系数最小,只有6%左右。不论供氮水平高低,氮高效基因型的每角粒数,籽粒生物量,籽粒占地上部生物量的比例以及籽粒氮占地上部总氮的比例均高于氮低效基因型,第一个有效分枝高度则显著低于氮低效基因型。另外,油菜氮素利用效率与各器官含氮量、茎叶氮素累积量、果荚氮素累积量、茎叶氮占地上部氮的比例和果荚氮占地上部氮的比例呈显著或极显著负相关,而不同氮效率基因型的地上部总生物量和地上部氮素累积总量则无显著差异。不同氮利用效率基因型的农艺性状和氮营养性状对氮肥的敏感性有显著差异。A field experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） of 50 rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） genotypes at two N rates （N 0 and 180 kg/ha）. Differences of agronomic and N characteristics between high and low NUE genotypes were evaluated. The results show that NUEs vary significantly among different genotypes, and the greatest differences of NUE ware 2.5-fold （at N 180 kg/ha） and 1.7-fold （at N 0 kg/ha）. Genotypic variances of agronomic and N characteristics are observed, of which first valid branch height has the greatest variance （〉50%）, while the N content of seed has the least variance （about 6%）. At both N rates, the No. of seeds per silique, grain yield, ratio of grain yield to shoot biomass, and ratio of grain N uptake to shoot N uptake of the high NUE genotypes are greater than those of the low NUE genotypes, while the first valid branch heights of the high NUE genotypes are significantly lower than those of the low NUE genotypes. There are significant negative correlations between NUE and the N contents of different plant parts, stem and leaf N cumulant, silique husk N cumulant, ratio of stem and leaf N cumulant to shoot N cumulant and ratio of silique husk N cumulant to shoot N cumulant. However, there are no significant differences of shoot biomass and shoot N cumulant between the high NUE genotypes and the low NUE genotypes. Responses of the agronomic and N characteristics to N supply are significantly different between the high NUE genotypes and the low NUE genotypes.

关 键 词：油菜 氮素利用效率 基因型 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]