试论明清闭关政策  

The Policy of Exclusion in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：董知顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史与社会学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《哈尔滨学院学报》2013年第4期99-103,共5页Journal of Harbin University

摘　　要：明清时期的对外政策较之前代发生了巨大的变化,主要是在加强官方朝贡体制的同时实行与加强了闭关政策。明朝的海禁政策经历了明朝初期的强化、明朝中期的松弛、明朝晚期的反复三个阶段,清朝初期是海禁政策的延续,随后由于一系列历史原因,中央政府采取了一定程度的开海政策,但最终在康熙年间闭关政策正式形成。明清闭关政策是我国封建社会末期对外关系的重要内容,它的产生和发展有其内在的深刻原因,闭关政策对当时、后来以及对整个中华民族的长期发展产生了巨大的影响。Ming and Qing Dynasties saw great change in their diplomatic policy, including enhancing official tribute system and the policy of exclusion. The Maritime ban in Ming dynasty experienced the early period tension, middle period loose, and the late period re-enhancing. The earlier Qing Dynasty continued the maritime ban policy. Although the central government loosened the policy due to a series of historical causes, the policy of exclusion started in the Kangxi period. The policy of exclusion in Ming and Qing dynasties was the main diplomatic policy in the feudal China, which had profound influence on China at that time and later time.

关 键 词：明清 闭关政策 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]