明代运河的通航次序与钞关税收  

The Navigation Sequence and Chao-guan Taxation of the Canal during Ming Dynasty

作　　者：于宝航[1] 田常楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学历史学院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期448-454,共7页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：运河是沟通南北的经济动脉,明朝在运河沿线设置了一些钞关,对过往船只征收船料钞。但明代钞关税收的数额长期处于一种相当低下的水平,与明中后期商业的繁荣景象很不相称。究其原因,从通航条件上看,明代运河交通并非畅通无阻,存在一些危险或易拥堵的航段,有些航段适合通航的时间很有限。在明代运河的一些易拥堵的航段,在制度上和实际上都形成了贡舟先行,次则漕舟,官舟再次之,民舟又次之的通航次序。这种根源于封建等级制度的通航次序将民间船只边缘化,使南北方的商品运输依附于带有官方色彩的各类船只。这种寄生性的商品流动,虽然可以满足北方的物资需求,但严重影响了运河钞关的税收增加。The transportation of the south. The Ming Dynasty set some But the sum of Chao-guan taxation canal is the economic artery of money off tax of ships,and ship of Ming Dynasty was below the communication between the north and material collection of bills in the canal. average during a long time which didn’ t fit in with the mid and late of Ming dynasty period of commercial prosperity. The transportation of the canal wasn＇t that smooth sailing all the way during the Ming Dynasty, which existed some danger and shipping route congestion. Moreover, some route time was limited . In fact, the shipping route congestion is like this： the Gong-zhou boats go ahead first; the Cao-zhou boats were in the next place to go; official ships follow and then,people＇s ships could go at last. The sequence of the feudal hierarchy system made popular ships marginal and commodity circulation between north and south clung to the official ships. Although it is possible for this parasitic commodity flows to meet the material needs of the North, it had seriously affected the Canal money off tax increases.

关 键 词：明代 运河 通航次序 钞关税收 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]