城市中不同宽度河流对滨河绿地四季温湿度的影响  

Effect of Different Width of Urban River on Air Temperature and Relative Humidity of Riverside Greenbelts in Four Seasons

作　　者：纪鹏[1] 朱春阳[2] 王洪义[1] 李树华[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]华中农业大学风景园林系,湖北武汉430070 [3]清华大学建筑学院景观学系,北京100084

出　　处：《湿地科学》2013年第2期240-245,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30972416);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(QC2010042)资助

摘　　要：选择北京市三环至五环区域内7条不同宽度河流和滨河绿地作为研究对象,利用小尺度定量测定技术方法,分析城市河流宽度对滨河绿地温湿效应的影响,为城市河流建设提供科学依据。在2010年的1月、4月、7月和10月中旬,各选3个晴天作为观测日,分别对7条不同宽度河流滨河绿地和对照地进行气温和相对湿度的同步观测。在观测日,每天8︰00～18︰00,每2h观测一次,每天共观测6次。研究结果显示,春季、夏季和秋季,城市河流具有增湿、降温的效应,并且随着河流宽度的增加,河流对滨河绿地的温湿度效应也不断增强;其中,夏季河流的增湿、降温能力最强,春季和秋季河流对滨河绿地的温湿效应差别不大。春季、夏季和秋季滨河绿地的气温和相对湿度日变化受环境温度影响较大,即早晚低、中午高,降温、增湿幅度最大的时段为14∶00～16∶00;冬季,河流也具有降温、增湿效应,但是降温幅度随着河流宽度的增加不断减弱直至消失、逆转;湿度效应随着河流宽度的增加不断增强。As an important part of urban ecosystem, urban river plays a vital role in the improvement of urban ecological environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific basis for the construction of urban river, by analyzing the effect of the different width of urban river on the temperature and humidity of greenbelts based on the small-scale quantitative measurement. The objects of this study were seven urban rivers with different width along the third to fifth rings in Beijing and the surrounding greenbelts. In the middle of January, April, July and October, 2010, the observations were done in fine days. The air temperature and relative humidity of the greenbelts near 7 rivers with different widths and the control places were measured every 2 hours from 08︰00 to 18︰00 every day for continuous 6 times. The results of the experiments indicated that the rivers with different widths have effect on the riverside greenbelts, the air temperature decreased and relative humidity increased in spring, summer and autumn and the effect was enhanced with the width increase of the rivers. It was the strongest effect on air temperature and relative humidity in summer and there was little difference between spring and autumn. The strongest effect of air temperature decrease and relative humidity increase took place during 14︰00-16︰00 during daytime.

关 键 词：城市河流 河流宽度 滨河绿地 气温 相对湿度 四季 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.1