福州平原两种水稻品种稻田的CH_4和N_2O排放通量动态  

Variations of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in the Fields of Two Rice Varieties in the Fuzhou Plain

作　　者：马永跃[1,2] 仝川[1,2] 王维奇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程省部共建教育部重点实验室,福建师范大学,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心,福建师范大学,福建福州350007

出　　处：《湿地科学》2013年第2期246-253,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000209);福建省公益类研究所专项项目(2011R1037-5);福建省教育厅资助项目(JB11030);福建师范大学优秀青年骨干教师培养基金项目(fjsdky2012007)资助

摘　　要：采用静态箱—气相色谱法,以常规稻为参照对象,研究福州平原地区目前正在广泛推广的超级稻稻田的甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放通量特征。结果表明,稻田CH4排放主要集中在水稻分蘖期,其CH4排放量分别占常规稻和超级稻稻田总排放量的76.7%和64.1%;常规稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.09～16.90mg/(m2·h),超级稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.11～14.30mg/(m·2h);在整个水稻种植期,超级稻稻田平均CH4排放通量比常规稻稻田约减少3.6%;常规稻稻田的平均N2O通量为7.7μg/(m·2h),超级稻稻田的平均N2O通量为18.0μg/(m·2h);水稻成熟期常规稻和超级稻稻田的N2O通量占总通量的50%以上,分别达到了55.7%和66.9%。从综合温室效应看,常规稻稻田的综合增温潜势为2264.5kg/hm2CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势为1977.04kg/hm2CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势比常规稻稻田低12.7%。在相同管理条件下,种植超级稻可以降低稻田的综合温室效应,并提高水稻产量。Temporal variations of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in the fields planted super rice variety and conventional rice variety respectively were investigated using static chamber method. The results showed that methane emissions of the fields planted conventional rice variety and super rice variety respectively mainly occurred in the tillering stage of rice, accounting 76.7% and 64.1% of the total methane emissions. Methane emissions from the field planted conventional rice variety ranged from 0.09-16.90 mg/（m2·h）, and those from the field planted super rice variety ranged from 0.11-14.30 mg/（m2·h）. In the whole growth period of the rice, the average methane emission from the field planted super rice variety reduced by 3.6% compared with the field planted conventional rice variety. Average nitric oxide fluxes were 7.71 μg/（m2·h） and 18.00 μg/（m2·h） in the fields planted conventional rice variety and super rice variety, respectively. Over 50% nitric oxide fluxes from the fields planted conventional rice variety and super rice variety occurred in rice mature stage, accounting 55.7% and 66.9%, respectively. The comprehensive greenhouse effects of the fields planted conventional rice variety and super rice variety were 2 264.5 kg/hm2 CO2 and 1 977.04 kg/hm2 CO2, respectively. Under the same management model, the fields planted super rice varieties reduce comprehensive greenhouse effect and meanwhile increase rice yields in the Fuzhou plain.

关 键 词：水稻品种 甲烷 氧化亚氮 综合温室效应 福州平原 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]