渤海湾海岸带遥感监测及时空变化  

Remote sensing monitoring and spatial-temporal variation of Bohai Bay coastal zone

作　　者：李秀梅[1] 袁承志[1] 李月洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学海洋科学与工程学院,天津300222

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2013年第2期156-163,共8页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"典型人工海岸污染控制与生态构建技术研究及示范"(编号:2010BAC68B04)资助

摘　　要：渤海湾沿岸快速的工业化和城市化使得该区土地利用和海岸线发生了巨大变化,研究选用2000年、2005年和2010年的Landsat TM\ETM遥感数据,通过人机交互解译方法和GIS空间分析技术,完成了海岸线的提取和渤海湾沿岸部分区域的土地分类,全面分析了渤海湾海岸线变迁和土地利用的空间变化特征,并将定量分析与定性分析相结合,揭示了该区域海岸线变化和土地利用的幅度、速度和区域差异。研究表明:渤海湾海岸10 a内发生了大幅度的变化,变化趋势是由陆向海推进,陆地面积增加了约322 km2,海岸线增长了约331.6 km;从沿岸的土地利用类型来看,人工建筑和建筑未利用地不断增加,天然裸地,湿地等资源大幅减少,滩涂损失最多的区域是天津港地区(89%),盐田坑塘养殖池被占用最多的是天津汉沽段(55%)。2000—2005年天津港地区的海岸线和陆地面积变化明显加快,2005—2010年曹妃甸港围填海速度最快,2005年以后渤海湾地区的变化速度快于前5 a。这些变化的主要驱动因素是人类经济活动带来的过度开发。Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in extensive changes in land use and coastlines in Bohai Bay coastal zone. For extraction of coastlines and land classification, Landsat TM ／ ETM images in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were used. Based on the methods of man - machine interactive interpretation and GIS spatial analysis, the authors made a comprehensive analysis of the changes of the coastlines and spatial variation of land use. The extent, speed and spatial variation of the changes of the coastlines and land use were revealed by the combined method of quantitative and qualitative analysis. It can be concluded that Bohai Bay coastal zone had been changed greatly during the last decade. The land and coastlines were growing toward the Bohai Sea by about 322 km2 and 331. 6 km2, respectively. Land for housing and other construction purposes increased; unused land and wetlands decreased greatly; Tianjin Port showed the most significant sea -beach wetland change, and the decrease reached 89 percent as compared with the situation in 2000; in other wetlands such as salt pans of Hangu in Bohai Bay the decline rate was the largest （55 percent） ; the coastline and the land of Tianjin Port had the fastest growing rate during 2000 - 2005 ; from 2005 to 2010 the reclamation of Caofeidian Port was the fastest. The main driver of these changes is the result of over - exploitation of human economic activities.

关 键 词：渤海湾 海岸线 土地利用 遥感 时空变化 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]