海州湾海域鱼类分类多样性的时空变化及其与环境因子的关系  

Temporal and spatial variation in taxonomic diversity of fish in Haizhou Bay:The effect of environmental factors

作　　者：苏巍[1] 薛莹[1] 任一平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2013年第3期624-634,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41006083);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(201022001);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2010DQ026)

摘　　要：根据2011年3-12月在海州湾海域进行的5个航次的渔业资源综合调查,并结合相关的历史资料,研究海州湾海域鱼类分类多样性及其时空变化,并通过构建GAM模型分析平均分类差异指数(Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,海州湾共有鱼类96种,隶属于2纲13目44科71属,其中Δ+的理论平均值为79.5,而Λ+的理论平均值为200.6。两个分类多样性指数均呈现明显的季节和空间变化,这可能与海州湾海域鱼类的季节性洄游和环境因子的差异有关。通过GAM模型分析发现,水深和底层溶氧对Δ+具有显著影响,而水深、底层溶氧、底层水温和月份则是影响Λ+的关键环境因子。通过比较中国近海不同纬度海域之间的鱼类分类多样性指数,发现Δ+和Λ+均呈现出"北高南低"的变化趋势,说明纬度变化对鱼类分类多样性的空间分布格局具有重要影响。Knowledge of taxonomic diversity is critical to understanding the taxonomic relatedness of species and unevenness of taxonomic structure. We evaluated the temporal and spatial variation in taxonomic diversity of fishes in Haizhou Bay, China using data collected from five comprehensive surveys of the bay between March-December, 2011. We used a generalized additive model （GAM） to analyze the relationship between taxo- nomic diversity of fishes and environmental factors. We identified 96 fish species in HaizhouBay, belonging to 2 classes, 13 orders, 44 families, and 71 genera. The average taxonomic distinctness （A＋） was 79.5 and the variation in taxonomic distinctness （A＋） was 200.6. Both these taxonomic diversity indices exhibited seasonal and spatial variation related to the seasonal migration of fishes and changes in the environment. Water depth and benthic lev- els of dissolved oxygen had a significant effect on the A＋ of fishes. Similarly, water depth, benthic levels of dis- solved oxygen, benthic water temperature, and month were the most important environmental factors influencing the A＋ of fishes in Haizhou Bay. The two taxonomic diversity indices decreased along a line from north to south, suggesting that latitude has an important influence on the spatial distribution of taxonomic diversity in fishes.

关 键 词：海州湾 鱼类 分类多样性 环境因子 GAM模型 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]