人工养殖圆口铜鱼头肾组织学特征及操作胁迫对其影响  

Effect of stress on the head kidney of farmed largemouth bronze gud-geon(Coreius guichenoti)

作　　者：李茜[1,2] 杨德国[1,2,3] 朱永久[2] 赵建华[1,2] 吴兴兵[2] 何勇凤[2] 冯宪斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430223 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2013年第3期650-659,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201203086-02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2011JBFZ03)

摘　　要：采用石蜡切片和组织涂片技术,对人工养殖圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)在正常和操作胁迫下头肾的组织、细胞形态结构及细胞数目进行研究,并探讨了其在操作胁迫后0.1、4、24 h的变化特征。石蜡切片观察发现,圆口铜鱼头肾实质中无肾单位,主要由淋巴组织、造血组织、血管、肾间组织及黑色素巨噬细胞组成。各组织及细胞结构形态正常,分布规则。在操作胁迫后0.1、4 h时,头肾中黑色素巨噬细胞数量较正常组显著增多,形成黑色素巨噬细胞中心,同时肾间组织增生,肾间细胞面积、核面积和核直径均有不同程度增大;在操作胁迫后24 h时,黑色素巨噬细胞数量和肾间细胞面积、核面积、核直径均减小,并均低于正常组。组织涂片观察发现,正常圆口铜鱼头肾中主要有6类细胞:红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、血栓细胞。应激后不规则红细胞增多,红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞数量和嗜碱性粒细胞持续减少;淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量在应激后0.1 h短暂增多,随后持续降低;血栓细胞数量持续增加。研究表明,圆口铜鱼头肾组织和细胞在应激后较短时间(0.1、4 h)内发生显著变化,部分组织的生物功能在24 h时逐渐恢复正常。本研究可为圆口铜鱼及其他硬骨鱼类头肾的组织学研究、养殖与驯化过程中的健康监测等方面提供参考依据。We determined the effect of stress on the structure, number and morphology of cells in the head kidney of cultured largemouth bronze gudgeon （Coreius guichenoti）. We measured the histological alteration in 0.1, 4, and 24 h after exposure to a handling stress and compared the results with those of control fish （unstressed）. In unstressed animals, the head kidney consisted ofnormal and regularly distributed lymphatic tissue, hematopoietic tissue, blood vessels, melano-macrophages, and interregnal tissue （except nephrons）. Handling stress resulted in a significant increasein the melano-macrophage population, formation of melano-macrophage centers, significant enlargement of the interrenal cellular and nuclear areas and nuclear diameter in 0.1 and 4 h after the stress. In con- trast, 24 h after exposure to the handling stress, there was a decrease in the number of melano-macrophages and in thesize of the interrenal cellular and nuclear areas and nuclear diameter, which were smaller than those in the control fish. We identified six types of cells, including erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, basophilic granulocytes, and thrombocytes in the head kidney of control fish. The handling stress led to an increase in the number of irregular erythrocytes. Interestingly, the number of erythrocytes, neutrophilic granu- locytes, and basophilic granulocytes decreased continuously after the stress, whereas the number of lymphocytes and monocytes increased 0.1 h after the stress but then decreased, while the number of thrombocytes increased at all times after the stress. Our results suggest that stress significantly affects the structure and cell morphology in the head kidney. We also noted the return of normal biological function within 24 h for several of the indices.

关 键 词：圆口铜鱼 操作胁迫 头肾 黑色素巨噬细胞 肾间组织 红细胞 白细胞 

分 类 号：Q174[生物学—水生生物学] S917[生物学—普通生物学]