无偿献血者核酸检测实施效果评价  

Effect Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Test Applied in Donator＇s Blood Screening

作　　者：卢瑾[1] 周健欣[1] 余晋林[1] 朱业华[1] 

机构地区：[1]佛山市中心血站输血研究室,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《国际输血及血液学杂志》2013年第3期210-212,共3页International Journal of Blood Transfusion and Hematology

摘　　要：目的通过分析无偿献血者全血标本的核酸检测（NAT）和血清学检测的结果，探讨NAT在筛查乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）“窗口期”感染者或者隐匿性肝炎的患者中的作用。方法选择2011年7月至12月于佛山市中心血站采集的无偿献血者全血样本13126份作为研究对象。对无偿献血者全血标本同时进行血清学检测和NAT。使用诺华诊断血液筛查系统对标本进行单人份NAT。对于NAT联检和鉴别试验阳性而血清学试验阴性的献血者，进一步检测乙型肝炎血清标志物5项指标。结果13126份标本中，NAT联检试验阳性为128例（0．98％），其中95例为酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）双试剂阳性，4例为EUSA单试剂阳性，29例为EuSA阴性。对NAT联检试验和鉴别试验结果皆呈阳性的8例献血者做进一步追踪，6例行乙型肝炎血清标志物5项指标检测的结果显示，1例抗-HBs和抗-HBc呈阳性，3例仅抗-HBc呈阳性，2例呈全阴性。结论NAT作为一种检测原理完全与ELISA不同的方法，能够在一定程度上弥补ELISA方法的局限性，有效缩短“窗口期”。NAT与ELIsA两种检测方法能够互为补充，共同降低经输血途径传播病毒的风险。Objective To explore the role of nucleic acid test （NAT） in screening the ＂ window period＂ or occult hepatitis B virus infection （OBI） blood donators by comparing the results of NAT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） of the blood samples. Methods Form July to December 2011, A total of 13 126 blood samples from volunteer blood donors in Foshan blood center were included in this study. All of this samples were tested by NAT using procleix TIGRIS system and ELISA simultaneously. Five markers of hepatitis B virus （HBV） of donators who were positive tested by Procleix Ultrio and Discrimination but negative tested by ELISA were detected. Results Among all the samples, 128 （0. 98%） cases were NAT positive. Among the 128 cases, 95 cases were detected positive by two kinds of ELISA reagents, 4 cases were detected positive by only one kind of ELISA reagent, and another 29 cases were detected negative by two kinds of ELISA reagents. 8 eases results were traced, and 6 of the 8 donators were detected the five markers of HBV, 4 of them were positive for anti-HBc. Conclusions As a new detect method different from ELISA, NAT is used to cut down the ＂window periods＂ of virus detection. The blood screening strategy using both NAT and ELISA could improve the safety of blood transfusion.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 核酸检测 酶联免疫吸附试验 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]