战创伤急救中快速建立气道的新型气管切开装置  

New tracheostomy device for rapid airway establishment in first aid of war trauma

作　　者：陈犹白[1] 张海钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院口腔颌面外科,北京100853

出　　处：《解放军医学院学报》2013年第6期625-627,631,共4页Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School

基　　金：首都医学发展科研基金(2009-3050);全军"十二五"课题面上项目(CWS11J095)~~

摘　　要：目的探索并研发一项可用于战创伤紧急救治的新型气管切开装置及其使用方法。方法分别对6只杂种犬（10～20kg）和6只小型猪（15-30kg）实施环甲膜穿刺反向引导气管切开术，并建立气道。结果从插入穿刺管到完成气管插管，杂种犬用时（153．83±32．90）s，小型猪用时（173．83±34．07）s。所有实验动物均成功建立通畅的呼吸通道，无严重出血和其他并发症，通过纤维支气管镜也未观察到气管壁损伤。结论此方法快速、简单、安全，所有操作可由一人完成，大大提高了建立紧急呼吸通道的速度，有望在完善后应用于战创伤急救中建立快速气道。Objective To develop a novel tracheostomy device for rapid airway establishment in first aid of war traumas. Methods Airway was established in 6 hybrid dogs weighing 10-20 kg and 6 miniature pigs weighing 15-20 kg in backward guiding tracheostomy with thyrocricocentesis. Results The operation time was （153.83 ± 32.90） s and （173.83 ± 34.07） s, respectively, for hybrid dogs and miniature pigs. The airway was successfully established in all animals without massive bleeding or other complications. No damage to tracheal wall was observed under fiber bronchoscope. Conclusion Backward guiding tracheostomy is a rapid, simple and safe procedure for airway establishment, and can thus be used in first aid of war traumas.

关 键 词：战创伤 急救 气管切开术 环甲膜穿刺术 环甲膜穿刺管 撑开钳 

分 类 号：R826.1[医药卫生—临床医学]