基于电磁超声表面波的钢轨在线探伤装置  

Online Rail Flaw Detection Device Based on Electromagnetic Acoustic Surface Wave

作　　者：邱玉[1] 许霁[1] 汪开灿[1] 翟国富[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学军用电器研究所,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《无损检测》2013年第5期43-46,67,共5页Nondestructive Testing

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划重点课题资助项目(2009G018-E);国防科技工业技术基础科研项目(B1220102302)

摘　　要：针对目前普遍采用的压电超声式钢轨在线探伤装置存在探伤速度有限,难以检测钢轨表面缺陷的缺点,设计了一种基于电磁超声表面波的钢轨探伤装置。该装置采用透反结合的方式,通过两种频率的电磁超声表面波进行钢轨在线探伤;通过电磁超声大功率发射和低噪声接收电路完成超声波的发射和接收;采用基于FPGA(现场可编程门陈列,Field Programmable Gata Array)和ARM(Advance RISC Machinec)硬件架构,实现装置的控制、数据采集、存储等功能;通过上位机对探伤数据进行处理、显示。试验表明,装置能够有效检测出钢轨轨头核伤、人工加工缺陷等,具有无需声耦合剂、检测精度高、速度快的特点。In view of the piezoelectric technology application in rail detection, which is limited in testing speed and could hardly detect the surface flaw, an online rail flaw detection device based on electromagnetic acoustic surface wave has been investigated. The device uses pitch catch probes and excites surface waves with two different frequencies, to detect the rail. Surface wave is excited by high power transmitting circuits and received by low noise receiving circuits. Control of the device, acquisition and storage of the signal are accomplished by combination of FPGA and ARM. The software on computer is developed to process data and display results. Experiments showed that the device could detect core defects in the railhead and man-made surface flaws efficiently, which indicated that the device had advantages of independent of couplant, high testing precision and speed.

关 键 词：钢轨在线探伤 电磁超声 表面波 

分 类 号：TP23[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TG115.28[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]