蒸馏海水淡化用金属传热材料的应用现状和前景分析  

Application Status and Prospect Analysis of Metal Heat Transfer Materials in Distillation Desalination

作　　者：齐春华[1,2] 冯厚军[1,2] 邢玉雷[1,2] 冯建民[1,2] 徐克[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所,天津300192 [2]国家海水利用工程技术研究中心,天津300192

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2013年第5期307-313,共7页Materials China

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益科研专项项目(No.201205030);国家海洋局海洋公益科研专项项目(No.201205016)

摘　　要：蒸馏淡化是一项重要的海水淡化技术。蒸馏淡化是将海水蒸发后冷凝获得淡水,传热材料在设备安装成本中所占比例达15%～22.5%。要求传热材料耐蚀,传热效率高,强度高和价格适中,优化选材能有效降低工程造价和淡化成本,选材需综合考虑成本、使用寿命和导热效率。铜合金和钛合金是目前工程应用的主流材料,多级闪蒸传热材料多采用铜合金管,低温多效蒸馏则采用钛合金管与铝黄铜管组合。开发新型传热材料降低工程造价和海水淡化成本是海水淡化技术的发展趋势。新开发的铝合金和超级不锈钢与传统材料相比,在保证效率的同时,价格更低,有望进一步降低工程造价和淡化成本。综述了国内外应用于蒸馏海水淡化的金属传热材料,包括钛合金、铜合金、铝合金和不锈钢,从材料的耐蚀性、传热效率、成本和使用过程中注意事项等方面进行了分析和讨论,并简单介绍了新型有机高分子传热材料。Distillation desalination is one of the most popular processes of desalination, which is to vaporize sea water and condense to obtain potable water. The heat transfer materials cost accounts for 15% - 22. 5% in the total infrastruc- ture of the project. The heat transfer materials used to vaporize sea water is not only in a demand of high corrosion resist- ance of seawater and heat conductivity hut also a reasonable price. The selection of heat transfer materials should compro- mise between cost, lifetime and heat transfer properties. The suitable selection could reduce the price of the desalination project and the cost of desalination. Copper alloy and titanium alloy are presently popular heat transfer materials. Normal- ly, copper alloy tube is used for multi-stage flash distillation, the combination of titanium alloy tube and copper alloy tube for multiple-effect distillation. To develop new heat transfer materials to reduce the cost is one main pursuit of desalination industry. The new aluminum alloy and super steel comparing with traditional materials, the cost is lower with the same product capacity. There is evidence that aluminum alloy and super steel will be the popular materials for heat exchangers in future. In this paper, the heat transfer metal materials applied for the distillation desalination, including titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy and steel, are summarized. The discussions about eorrosion resistance, heat transfer effi- ciency, cost and application precautions of the materials used for distillation desalination have been conducted. The new develop polymer heat transfer materials are also introduced briefly.

关 键 词：海水淡化 金属材料 传热 腐蚀 

分 类 号：TQ085.4[化学工程] TK172[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]