重金属在贾鲁河表层沉积物中的污染特征及来源分析  

Pollution Character and Estimation of Source of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Jialu River

作　　者：祝迪迪[1] 赵长坡[1] 张艳[1] 张菁[1] 洪超[1] 付杰[1] 朱海亮[1] 安树青[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2013年第2期41-45,共5页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07204-001-004)

摘　　要：采用原子吸收分光光度法、原子荧光法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了贾鲁河表层沉积物中6种重金属的含量,用灼烧法测定贾鲁河表层沉积物中有机质含量。运用地累积指数法对贾鲁河流域表层沉积物中重金属污染状况进行评价,并且通过主成分分析法研究贾鲁河重金属污染来源。结果表明:贾鲁河表层沉积物中As、Cu、Ni、Zn的含量比2004年淮河表层沉积物中相应重金属含量明显偏高。重金属污染程度为:As>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr。通过主成分分析进一步对重金属来源的确定,发现前2个主成分的贡献率分别为58.85%和19.74%,污染来源主要有两类,分别是工农业、生活排污的点源污染,自然变化对沉积物的影响,岩石风化与侵蚀过程和有机质降解矿化的内源污染。The concentration of 6 heavy metals in the surface sediments of Jialu River were determined by atomic absorption （AAS）, atomic fluorescence spectrometry（AFS） and inductance coupling emission spectrum （ICP- OES）. And by burning, the organic matters can be measured. The sediments pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation index. The sources of heavy metal contamination were estimated with the principal component analysis （PCA）. Results show that the concentrations of As, Cu ,Ni ,Zn were obviously higher than those in surface sediments of Huai River in 2004 . The order of the analyzed heavy metals is as follows As 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Pb 〉 Ni 〉 Cr. By estimating the sources of heavy metal contamination using the Principal component analysis （ PCA）, it was found that the first two components accout for 58.85% and 19.74% respectively. The industrial and agricultural wastewater, degradation of organic matter, rock weathering and erosion and geochemical changes are the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

关 键 词：贾鲁河 重金属污染 表层沉积物 地累积指数(Igeo) 主成分分析(PCA) 污染评价 污染来源 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]