玉米高产田土壤水溶性有机物组成和结构特征  

Composition and Structure of Water Extractable Organic Matter in Soil with High Yield Maize

作　　者：李明堂[1] 王继红[1] 赵兰坡[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2013年第6期88-92,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071862和51109089)

摘　　要：利用三维荧光光谱技术研究了定向培育的玉米高产田和对照低产田耕层土壤水溶性有机物在组成和结构上的差异特征。研究结果表明:高产田土壤的有机碳和水溶性有机碳的平均质量分数分别为12.18 g.kg-1和98.68 mg.kg-1,明显高于低产田的9.28 g.kg-1和75.32 mg.kg-1,高产田土壤水溶性有机物的芳香度低于低产田。荧光区域积分结果表明,高产田土壤水溶性有机物的类酪氨酸蛋白质、类色氨酸蛋白质、类溶解性微生物代谢产物的质量分数高于低产田,而类富里酸和类腐殖酸的质量分数则和低产田的基本相同;高产田土壤水溶性有机物中类酪氨酸蛋白质、类溶解性微生物代谢产物所占的比例高于低产田,但类富里酸和类腐殖酸所占的比例稍低于低产田。高产田土壤中微生物源的土壤水溶性有机物量高于低产田。高产田土壤水溶性有机物的类色氨酸蛋白质和类富里酸的芳香度及分子量小于低产田,类富里酸的缩聚度也小于低产田,但类溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸的芳香度及分子量大于低产田,类腐殖酸的缩聚度也大于低产田。以上研究结果说明:三维荧光光谱分析技术能够区分开玉米高、低产田土壤耕层的土壤水溶性有机物在组成和结构上的差异,可对玉米高产田的培育研究提供更多有用的信息。An experiment was conducted to study the composition and structure of water extractable organic matter （ WEOM ） between the directive cultivated high yield soil and the controlled low yield soil by three dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra. The contents of soil organic carbon and water extractable organic carbon in the high yield soil are 12.18 g ·kg^-1 and 98.68 mg·kg^-1, respectively, higher than those of 9.28 g·kg^-1 and 75.32 mg·kg^-1 in low yield soil. The aromatieity of WEOM in high yield soil is higher than that in low yield soil. The results from the fluorescence regional integration show that the contents of tyrosine-like protein, tryptophan-like protein and soluble microbial byproduct-like substance in high yield soil WEOM are higher than those in low yield soil, whereas the contents of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like organic matter are almost the same in the two kinds of soil WEOM. The percentage of tyrosine-like protein, tryp- tophan-like protein, soluble microbial byproduct-like substance are larger in high yield soil WEOM than those in low yield soil WEOM, while the contents of fulvie acid-like and humic acid-like organic matter are with the controversial trend. Compared to the low yield soil WEOM, the WEOM in high yield soil contains more substance from the activity of microbe. The aromaticity and the molecular weigh of trytophan-like protein and fulvic acid-like substance are lower in high yield soil than those in low yield soil. The degree of polycondensation of fulvic acid-like substance in high yield soil is lower than those in low yield soil, whereas the soluble microbial byproduct-like and humic acid-like substance are the opposite. Therefore, three dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra can be used to study the composition and structure of WEOM in soil with different yield and supply more useful information for the cultivation of high yield soil.

关 键 词：黑土 水溶性有机物 三维荧光光谱 荧光指数 

分 类 号：S153.5[农业科学—土壤学]