早实核桃品种物候期观察与避晚霜品种的筛选  

Phenophase Observation and Varieties Choice in Avoiding the Late Frost Damage of Early-fruiting Walnut Cultivars

作　　者：许静[1] 翟梅枝[1] 郭丽霞[1] 薄颖生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第11期15-19,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201004027)

摘　　要：针对核桃易受晚霜危害而制约生产效益的问题,对商洛山阳地区11个核桃品种物候期进行观察,选择避晚霜品种及适宜的授粉品种。结果表明:各种源间物候期存在较大差异,其中雌花末期差异最大,雄花初期差异最小。"西林2号"、"温185"、"契可"3个品种是雌先型,"香玲"、"西林3号"、"土莱尔"、"强特勒"、"元丰"、"丰辉"、"西扶1号"7个品种是雄先型,"西扶2号"是雌雄同熟型。除了"西林2号"和"西扶2号"可以自花授粉以外,其它9个品种栽植时都需要配置授粉树。"香玲"、"西林3号"、"土莱尔"、"强特勒"、"元丰"、"丰辉"、"西扶1号"能避开晚霜危害,在易受霜冻地区是栽培核桃的首选品种。Suffering from late frost is one of the most serious problems that restrict the production of walnut.A field observation on the phenophase of 11 early-fruiting was carried out in a walnut experiment station in Shanyang-Shangluo in 2011.The phonological behavior of different walnut cultivars was designed and to evaluate their abilities in avoiding the late frost damage,as well as to choose appropriate pollination varieties.The results showed that different walnut cultivars had obvious difference in different phenological phases.The most significant phase was the end of female phase,and the beginning of male phase showed no obvious difference.Three kinds of walnut cultivars were protogyny（＇Xilin No.2＇,＇Wen-185＇,＇Qike＇,seven were protandry（＇Xiangling＇,＇Xilin No.3＇,＇Tulaier＇,＇Chandler＇,＇Yuanfeng＇,＇Fenghui＇,＇Xifu No.1＇）,and one was monochogamy（＇Xifu No.2＇）;nine other varieties need to configure the pollination tree;＇Xiangling＇,＇Xilin No.3＇,＇Tulaier＇,＇Chandler＇,＇Yuanfeng＇,＇Fenghui＇,＇Xifu No.1＇,which could avoid late frost damage,were considered the first choice of walnut cultivation varieties in the place where have late frost damage.

关 键 词：核桃 物候期 雌雄花期 避晚霜品种 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]