4种生物质对大豆双共生系统、土壤微生物及产量的调控  

Control effects of biomass on dual symbiosis system, soil microbe and yield of soybean

作　　者：王洪义[1] 王智慧[1] 崔战利[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科技学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第6期652-657,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：黑龙江省农垦总局"十一五"重点科技攻关项目(HNKXIV-02-04b);黑龙江省教育厅面上项目(11541253)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究施入生物质对根瘤菌、丛枝菌根真菌与大豆双共生系统、土壤微生物及大豆产量的影响。生物质设置秸秆、土豆皮、食用菌废弃料、大豆浸出液4个处理。分别在植株生长第4片复叶展开(V5)、结荚始期(R3)和鼓粒盛期(R6)取样测定。研究结果表明:外施4种生物质对大豆双共生系统均有不同程度促进作用,且生物质对大豆菌根形成的促进作用较对根瘤形成的促进更显著,持续时间更长。在4种生物质中,秸秆处理表现效果最佳,不仅对大豆双共生系统、土壤细菌、真菌数量有增效作用,同时对大豆产量有协同促进作用。在R6期大豆有效根瘤数量、丛枝菌根真菌侵染率、土壤细菌数量分别较对照增加238.46%、26.28%、131.99%,产量较对照增加69.78%,且秸秆容易获得,施用方便,是有效提高大豆产量的生物质。大豆浸出液处理对大豆双共生系统促进显著,在R6期有效根瘤数量较对照增加89.74%,同时丛枝菌根真菌侵染率较对照增加31.23%,但由于此处理播种前采用浸种方式,对大豆子叶造成较大损伤,使保苗率严重降低从而导致产量相对较低。食用菌废弃料和土豆皮处理在3个生育时期对大豆双共生系统的作用不尽一致,但R6期2个处理的丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和土壤中真菌数量都极显著高于对照。In a field experiment,the effects of biomasses on rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi（AMF）,soybean dual symbiosis,soybean yield and soil microbes were studied.The four kinds investigated biomasses were straw,potato skins,edible fungi waste,and soybean extract liquid.Samples were determined during plant growth stages of the fourth compound leaf expanding（V5）,initial pod bearing（R3） and full grain filling（R6）.The results showed that all four biomasses types promoted soybean dual symbiotic system.The effects on soybean arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi were higher and longer than on rhizobium formation.Straw had the best performance not only for soybean dual symbiosis system,soil bacteria number and soil fungi number,but also for soybean yield.During R6 period,nodule number,AMF colonization and soil bacteria number increased by 238.46%,26.28% and 131.99%,respectively,compared with the control.Soybean yield also increased by 69.78%.In practice,straw was easier to obtain and more convenient to apply than other materials.Thus straw was the most ideal biomass among the four kinds of biomass.The processing method of soybean liquid extract significant influenced soybean dual symbiosis.Nodule number was increased by 89.74% during R6 period while AMF colonization rate increased by 31.23% under soybean liquid extract treatment than under the control.The mode of soaking seeds before sowing caused more damage to soybean cotyledons.Also seedling rate was severely degraded,which resulted in relatively low yields.The edible fungi waste and potato skin had different effects on soybean dual symbiosis at the three growth stages.However,AMF colonization rate and soil fungi number in the two treatments were significantly higher than in the control during R6 period.

关 键 词：生物质 根瘤菌 丛枝菌根真菌 土壤微生物 大豆 双共生系统 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]