不同茬口设施番茄栽培的根圈基质中酶活性与养分效应  

Effect of different rotation systems on media nutrient and enzyme activity in solar greenhouse tomato rhizosphere

作　　者：马彦霞[1,2] 任静[1] 曹刚[1] 李雯琳[1] 张国斌[1] 郁继华[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]定西市旱作农业科研推广中心,定西743000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第6期681-688,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-25-C-07);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203001)资助

摘　　要：研究了番茄设施有机基质栽培的正茬、迎茬、连茬根圈生物性状和理化性状的变化,分析了不同茬口对番茄栽培基质中酶活性、有机质含量和主要养分含量的影响。结果表明,番茄连茬栽培基质的蛋白酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,有机质、全氮、铵态氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾及速效钾等主要养分含量降低,而正茬栽培对基质酶活性、有机质和主要养分含量的影响较小。基质酶活性与理化性质的相关性分析表明,番茄有机基质栽培中,连茬、迎茬和正茬条件下基质的化学性质与生物学性质密切相关,从而导致了番茄连茬基质微生态环境的改变。所有指标的相关性中,脲酶与有机质和主要养分含量的相关系数最大,说明脲酶活性是影响基质有机质含量和主要养分的重要因子。各茬口中,速效钾、速效磷、全钾和过氧化氢酶活性的可塑性指数均最大,不同茬口基质各指标的可塑性指数表现为新基质的最大、正茬次之、连茬最小,说明连茬基质不适宜于番茄生长,而正茬基质的生物和理化性质与新基质差异不大,适宜于番茄生长发育。The development of eco-agriculture and sustainable agriculture has been followed by the rapid development of greenhouse tomato in organic media culture.This has sustained a year-after-year increase in land area under greenhouse tomato production.However,the conventional planting and production allows persistent reuse of the same medium for cost reduction,which has led to heavy disease and insects infestation.This has deteriorated the plant physical and chemical characteristics with decreasing yield output and fruit quality.These production challenges have constituted a major bottleneck restricting sustainable development of greenhouse tomato in organic media culture.This paper studied the changes in biological and physicochemical characteristics in rhizosphere media under three crop rotation systems — normal cropping,alternate cropping and continuous cropping.The effects of the different crop rotation systems on enzyme activity,organic matter content and main nutrients in rhizosphere media of tomato under solar greenhouse were analyzed.The study laid relevant scientific reference for the sustainable development of greenhouse tomato in organic media culture.The results showed that the activities of protease,phosphatase,urease and catalase decreased in organic media culture under continuous cropping of tomato.Also the contents of organic matter,nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium decreased.Normal cropping conditions had little effect on enzyme activity,organic matter content and major nutrients contents.Chemical properties were closely related with biological properties in organic media under normal cropping,alternate cropping and continuous cropping.This resulted in changes in micro-ecological environment,and further changes in plant growth,disease and insects intestatins,yield and fruit quality of tomato.Protease,phosphatase,urease and catalase activities were significantly correlated with organic matter and main nutrients c

关 键 词：番茄 根圈基质 酶活性 养分 正茬 迎茬 连茬 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]