孕前职业久站行为与妊娠并发症的因果效应研究  

Causation between occupational prolonged standing time during progestation and pregnancy related complications

作　　者：翁婷婷[1] 徐叶清[1] 严双琴[1] 潘维君[1] 陶芳标[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省马鞍山市妇幼保健院,243011 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2013年第6期578-581,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：基金项目：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划（2006BAl05A03）

摘　　要：目的 描述安徽省马鞍山地区孕妇在孕前和孕早期工作中站立时间以及长时间站立行为的分布特征,探索该职业暴露与妊娠高血压等常见并发症的相关性.方法 于2008年10月至2010年10月在马鞍山市妇幼保健机构招募初次建卡孕妇,建立孕产妇队列并随访至分娩.分别于孕早、中、晚期在产检医生指导下由孕产妇自填问卷,收集相关信息.结果 4644名孕妇孕前和孕早期持续站立时间百分位数P75值分别为4.0 h/d和3.0 h/d;孕前和孕早期久站行为主要分布于较低经济社会地位特征孕妇中；多因素分析结果显示,在调整可能混杂因素后,孕前久站行为与妊娠合并高血压和中度贫血均呈显著正相关,其OR值分别为2.05（95％CI：1.26～ 3.31）和1.38（95％CI：1.03～1.85）.结论 孕前职业暴露于较重体力负荷的工作如长时间站立,可增加妊娠高血压等疾病的危险.Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of profession related long-standing behavior during preconception and progestation,and to probe the relationship between prolonged standing jobs and the common pregnancy related complications among pregnant women,in Ma＇ anshan city,Anhui province.Methods In this cohort study,subjects who had their first antenatal examination at Ma＇ anshan Maternal and Child Care Centers were recruited under informed consent,from October 2008 to October 2010.All the information were collected through questionnaires in the first,second and third trimesters respectively.Three questionnaires were filled in by subjects under the guidance of healthcare takers.Results In the study,the 754 percentile of prolonged-standing times were 4.0 h/d and 3.0 h/d respectively in preconception and progestation.The characteristics of pregnant women with low social/economic status,prone to be involved in stand-long occupation.Results in logistic regression analysis,prolonged-standing jobs during preconception was the risk factor of pregnancy-induced hypertension and severe anemia.The adjusted odds ratios were 2.05 （95%CI：1.26-3.31） and 1.38 （95%CI：1.03-1.85） respectively.Conclusion Prolonged standing jobs appeared to be common occupational exposure to and risks of both pregnant woman and their fetus.Exposure to these kinds of jobs during preconception could increase the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and severe anemia.In order to promote maternal health programs,all the related occupational risk factors should be valued and avoided during preconception and pregnancy.

关 键 词：妊娠并发症 职业 长时间站立 队列研究 

分 类 号：R714[医药卫生—妇产科学]