新世纪以来生态文明建设的回顾与分析  

Review and Analysis of China’s Ecological Civilization Construction since the New Century

作　　者：姚燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党史研究室

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2013年第3期50-59,125,共10页Contemporary China History Studies

摘　　要：中共十六大以来,党不断提升生态文明的地位,相继在中共代表大会上提出生态文明及其建设的战略措施。这些措施在十年的实践中取得显著成效:运用宏观经济手段加快生态文明建设,促使生态文明建设引导经济绿色发展;生态文明建设从中央政策推动进入省域政治实践,生态政治悄然兴起;生态文明建设的法律手段充分完善,生态环境公益诉讼诞生;社会建设的手段作用日益显现,民间环保组织发展迅速,公民生态环保参与日益规范化和制度化;组织保障得到进一步加强,环保管理体系得到进一步完善;自然生态环境建设取得骄人成绩。同时,生态文明建设也面临许多问题和挑战:资源承载空间日趋狭窄,生态损失逐渐上升,可持续经济发展成本约束加大;环境承载力严重下降,污染排放空间约束日渐紧张;国际生态资源争夺、环境贸易壁垒和新兴产业竞争逐渐增加等。总之,中国的生态文明建设仍处于一个重大的发展机遇期。Since the 16th National Party Congress,the party has continued to enhance the status of ecological civilization in the process of economic development mode transformation and in succession raised the strategic measures of ecological civilization and its construction in the CPC’s Congress. These measures have achieved remarkable results in decades of practice:by macroeconomic means to speed up ecological civilization construction and promote ecological civilization construction to guide green economic development; ecological civilization construction has gotten developed from the central policy drive to provincial political practice and ecological politics has quietly risen; the legal means of ecological civilization construction have fully developed and ecoenvironmental public interest litigation came into existence; the functions of social construction means increasingly emerged,nongovernmental environmental organizations has gotten rapid development and the citizen’s ecoenvironmental protection participations increasingly standardized and institutionalized; organizational guarantee have been further strengthened and environmental management system have been further improved; natural ecological environment construction have made remarkable achievements. At the same time,ecological civilization construction also faced many problems and challenges:the resources’ spaces become increasingly narrow,ecological losses gradually increased and the constraints of sustainable economic development cost were increased; environmental carrying capacity has seriously declined,the constraints of pollution emission space have increasingly tensed; international ecological resources competition is hard,environmental trade barriers and the emerging industry’s competition is gradually increasing and so on. In short,China’s ecological civilization construction is still in an important development period and full of opportunities.

关 键 词：生态文明 生态政治 生态环境 发展方式 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] K275[历史地理—历史学]