国家表彰与妇女解放——1960年全国“三八红旗手”、“三八红旗集体”表彰研究  

National Commendation and Women Liberation——Research on the Commendation of National “Women Pace-setter” and “Women Pace-setting Collective”in 1960

作　　者：周蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]中华全国妇女联合会妇女研究所

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2013年第3期69-75,126,共7页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大委托项目<20世纪中国妇女运动史>(05&DZ018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1960年第一次全国性的"三八红旗手"、"三八红旗集体"表彰是中国妇女运动史上的重要事件。当时评选"三八红旗手"、"三八红旗集体"的标准主要是:思想红、干劲足;大闹技术革新和技术革命,不断提高劳动生产率和工作效率;努力提高文化水平,刻苦学习和钻研科学;善于团结群众发挥共产主义协作精神。表彰采取广播大会的形式,使表彰活动能得到迅速、广泛地传播。全国"三八红旗手"、"三八红旗集体"的红、勤、巧、俭品质体现了国家对妇女的希望和要求。表彰活动不仅满足了国家宣传主流意识形态的需要,充分地体现了这一时期国家的政治意志和需求,而且也使受表彰妇女在获得社会关注和声誉的同时,实现了身份的改变。但另一方面,这次表彰更多的是强调和鼓励妇女多劳动、多做贡献,忽视了性别差异以及女性的特点,折射出20世纪五六十年代妇女运动的曲折性和复杂性。The first nation-wide commendation of 'Women Pace-setter' and 'Women Pace-setting Collective' was an important event in the history of the women’s movement. The standards of selecting 'Women Pace-setter' and 'Women Pace-setting Collective' mainly included:full of revolutionary thoughts and enthusiasm; carrying out technological innovation and the technological revolution to continuously improve labor productivity and work efficiency; making efforts to improve the cultural level,study hard and study science; and good at uniting the masses to play a communist spirit of collaboration. The commendation adopted the way of Broadcast Conference and made itself be rapidly and widely disseminated. 'Women Pace-setter' and 'Women Pace-setting Collective' ’s revolutionary,diligent,clever and thrifty characteristics reflected the state’s hopes and demands on women. The commendation not only met the needs of the national propaganda of mainstream ideology and fully reflected the political will and needs of the state at this time,but also let the women get social concern and reputation and achieve their status changes. But on the other hand,this commendation emphasized and encouraged women to work harder and make more contributions,but neglected gender differences and the characteristics of women,which reflected the tortuous and complex nature of the women movement in 1950s and 1960s.

关 键 词：“三八红旗手” “三八红旗集体” 表彰 妇女解放 

分 类 号：D442.9[政治法律—政治学]