苹果树腐烂病内生拮抗放线菌A-2的鉴定及其活性评价  

Identification of antagonistic endophytic actinomycetes A-2 and evaluation of its activity against Valsa mali

作　　者：张清明[1] 王彩霞[2] 王海艳[2] 李保华[2] 董向丽[2] 李桂舫[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学化学与药学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《农药学学报》2013年第3期286-292,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：山东省科技攻关计划项目(2010GNC10918);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28);国家自然科学基金项目(31000891,31272001);山东省“泰山学者”建设工程项目

摘　　要：以苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali为靶标菌,从健康苹果树枝条中获得一株高效内生放线菌A-2。采用生长速率法、对峙培养法和玻片法测定了菌株A-2的抑菌谱及对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响;利用离体枝条烫伤接种法测定了菌株A-2对腐烂病的防治效果。结果表明:A-2发酵滤液对腐烂病菌的抑制率达90%以上,对其他9种常见的植物病原真菌也具有良好的拮抗作用;菌株A-2可导致腐烂病菌菌丝畸形、分支增多和局部膨大;不同稀释倍数的A-2发酵滤液对苹果离体枝条腐烂病均有明显的防效,接种病原菌前后24 h和同时施用500倍发酵滤液的防效均达70%以上。根据培养特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株A-2鉴定为卡伍尔链霉菌Streptomyces cavourensis。An endophytic actinomycetes A-2 against Valsa mali was isolated from healthy apple tree branches. The antagonistic spectrum of strain A-2 and its inhibitory activity against the hyphal growth and conidial germination of V. mali were investigated by using plate growth rate, flat confrontation culture and slide method. In addition, the inhibitory activity of strain A-2 against V. mali in detached apple twigs was also determined. The results showed that the inhibition rate of A-2 fermentation supernatant on V. mali could reach more than 90% and it had obvious antifungal activity against V.ambiens and other eight pathogenic fungi. Strain A-2 could induce alteration on hyphae morphology of V. mali, such as deformation and enlargement. Different dilution of strain A-2 fermentation supernatants all showed obvious inhibitory activity against V. mali in detached twigs. The control efficacy was still above 70% when the supematant was diluted by 500 folds and used before and after inoculation of V. mali. Based on the cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties as well as 16S rDNA sequencing, the strain A-2 was identified as Streptomyces cavourensis. Actinomycets A-2 could be developed new biological pesticide for control of V. mali.

关 键 词：内生放线菌 卡伍尔链霉菌 拮抗作用 苹果树腐烂病菌 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]