贝氏高原鳅消化系统胚后发育的形态及组织结构  

Histomorphology of the Digestive System during Post-embryonic Development of Triplophysa bleekeri

作　　者：熊洪林[1,2] 姚艳红[2,3] 王志坚 

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院生命科学系,贵州都匀558000 [2]淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室水产科学重庆市市级重点实验室西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [3]天津市大港区第9中学,天津300270

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2013年第3期437-445,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：西南大学博士基金项目(No.swu111056);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.XDJK2009C196)

摘　　要：应用解剖学、组织学和组织化学方法,对贝氏高原鳅(Triplophysa bleekeri)消化系统的胚后发育进行观察。结果表明,贝氏高原鳅仔、稚鱼呈线性生长趋势。仔鱼出膜后1～2 d为内源性营养阶段,3 d进入混合营养阶段,15 d进入外源性营养阶段。初孵仔鱼口凹已经出现,出膜后3 d与外界相通,9 d口咽腔基本发育完成。8 d食道发育基本完成。初孵仔鱼消化道雏形已现,但胃肠未明显分化。出膜后64 d胃小凹处出现胃腺,胃消化功能基本完备。初孵仔鱼肠道已经分化,出膜后27 d肠基本发育完成。初孵仔鱼具有肝前体,出膜后2 d肝细胞开始分化,7 d肝中出现明显的中央静脉和肝细胞索,肝组织结构与成体差异不大。3 d肝前端出现胰组织,4 d具有胰雏形,5 d完整胰出现,胰腺细胞之间具有大量嗜曙红酶原颗粒物质;9 d胰岛出现,胰组织基本发育完成。64 d消化系统各部分组织结构发育基本完成。贝氏高原鳅消化道的形态发育需要很长的时间,出膜后64 d胃肠仅前端膨大,无任何弯曲;85 d胃与食道呈直角弯曲后下行,但胃肠无明显分界;120 d胃弯曲为"Z"形后笔直下行,胃肠仍无明显分界,肝为一整体,未见分叶。1龄幼鱼,消化系统解剖结构与成鱼相似,但肝缺少右叶,肠缺少胃背面的圆环形弯曲。贝氏高原鳅消化系统的胚后发育特点和仔鱼的营养方式可能体现了长江以南地区冬天繁殖鱼类消化系统胚后发育的一般规律和仔鱼的营养趋势。Anatomic, histological and histochemical methods were used to observe the post-embryonic development of digestive system in Triplophysa bleekeri. The growth of larva T. bleekeri was in a linear trend. Endogenous nutrition phase was within 2 days post hatching （dph） , mixotrophic nutrition phase ranged from 3 to 14 dph, and ectogenous phase began since 15 dph. The mouth of newly-hatched larva could be observed and linked to the outside at 3 dph. Oropharyngeal cavity formation was completed at 9 dph and esophagus formation was completed at 8 dph. The digestive tract of newly-hatched larva was a prototype, without obvious gastrointestinal differentiation. The rudiment of gastric glands appearred in gastric pits at 64 dph, showing the initiation of stomach function. The intestine basically completed its development at 27 dph. The liver rudiment appearred in newly-hatched larva and hepatic ceils began to differentiate at 2 dph, with central veins and hepatic cords formation at 7 dph. There was no obvious histological difference in liver structure between the larva and the adult. Pancreatic tissue appearred in front of liver at 3 dph and the pancreas rudiment appearred at 4 dpb. The pancreas formed at the side of esophagus and stomach at 5 dph and there were a large number of eosinophilic granules in pancreatic cavities. The pancreatic islet appearred at 9 dph, indicating the basic completion of pancreas development. The development of histological structures of digestive system was completed at 64 dph. The period of morphological development was long. There was not any bending but front enlargement appearred in the larval gastrointestinal structure at 64 dph. Stomach and esophagus were at a right angle before bending down, but there was no significant gastrointestinal boundary at 85 dph. The stomach showed ＂Z＂ shape before going straight down and no noticeable gastrointestinal boundary formed. As a whole the liver was not divided into leaves at 120 dph. The anatomic structure of digestive system of one-year-

关 键 词：贝氏高原鳅 消化系统 胚后发育 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]