杭州城市环境中白头鹎的繁殖生态  

Breeding ecology of Chinese Bulbul in the urban environment of Hangzhou, China

作　　者：兰思思[1] 张琴[1] 黄秦 陈水华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江自然博物馆,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2013年第3期182-189,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31071908)

摘　　要：白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)是一种中国南方城市分布广泛、种群数量丰富的鸟类。其对环境变化和人类活动的适应能力已引起关注。2012年3—7月,在杭州城市环境下,对白头鹎的繁殖生态进行了系统调查,共记录到白头鹎繁殖鸟巢117巢。结果显示,在杭州市区,白头鹎主要在居民小区、行道树和绿化带的树冠层筑巢,主要营巢植物为桂树(Osmanthus fragrans),占总数的84.6%(n=117)。所有繁殖巢距地面均高(3.16±0.91)m(n=117)。3月底开始筑巢产卵,产卵高峰集中在4月11—25日。窝卵数为(3.37±0.48)枚(n=103),孵化期为(11.34±1.12)d(n=32),育雏期为(11.85±1.12)d(n=47)。孵化率为68.3%(n=111),离巢率为52.1%(n=117),总繁殖成功率为34.7%(n=111)。繁殖失败原因主要包括卵及雏鸟被捕食、人为干扰等。The Chinese Bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis, is one of the most abundant and widely distributed birds of south China, settling even in dense urban areas. From March-July 2012, we surveyed the Chinese Bulbul in the urban environment of Hangzhou, China, to gain a clearer perspective on their breeding ecology. Totally, 117 nests were found, mainly on the trees of Osmanthus fragrans （84.6%, n=117） in residential areas, street tree strips, and green belt. Our results include several noteworthy observations： nest height from the ground was 3.16＋0.91 m （n=117）; egg-laying begins in early April with peak times from April 11-25; and the nesting period was 11.85±1.12 days （n=47）. In terms of fertility and reproduction, we also observed that the average incubation period was 11.34±1.12 days （n=32）; average clutch size was 3.37±0.48 eggs （n=103）; hatching success 68.3%, fledging rate 52.1%, and the total breeding success 35.58% （n=117）. The main causes of breeding failure included egg and fledgling predation, as well as human disturbance.

关 键 词：白头鹎 城市化 繁殖生态 巢位选择 适应性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]