洞穴滴水水文化学特征及石漠化效应——以贵州石将军洞为例  

Hydro-chemical Characteristics of Cave Drips and Rocky Desertification Effect: A Case Study of Shi Jiangjun Cave in Guizhou

作　　者：张乾柱[1,2] 熊康宁[1,2] 刘子琦[3,2] 付超凡[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院,贵阳550011 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001 [3]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆4007151

出　　处：《热带地理》2013年第3期256-263,共8页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41001367):利用洞穴沉积物碳同位素体系研究贵州中西部石漠化演化历史;国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大课题"喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化综合治理技术与示范"(2011BAC09B01);贵州师范大学学生科研重点项目

摘　　要：利用洞穴指标体系研究地表石漠化演变处于理论萌芽阶段。据此,通过对发育在强度石漠化条件下的石将军洞穴滴水滴率、pH值及温度进行为期1a的动态监测,在分析其特征空间、时间变化规律基础的上,初步探索其石漠化效应。研究结果表明:受石漠化发育引起的地表植被破坏严重、土层稀薄影响,上覆顶板对水分的赋存主要靠基岩来完成,基岩愈厚,洞穴滴水滴率、pH值与温度变率愈小,因此表现出越靠近洞口受外界影响越强烈、变幅越大的特征;同时,强度石漠化条件下,土壤中可利用的CO2较少,使得洞穴滴水pH值显示了雨季时值较高、旱季时值较低的反常特征。Research At present the research on usage of cave index system recording surface＇s rocky desertification development lies at theory＇s rudiments phase. Based on the data of dynamic monitoring of Shi Jiangjun Cave in an intense rocky desertification area, the paper analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics of drips＇ rate, pH and temperature of the cave and makes a preliminary exploration on the effect of rocky desertification. Meanwhile, the paper also makes a contrastive analysis between drips pH characters of Shi Jiangjun Cave and those of the cave in non-rocky desertification areas and provides corresponding proof from 813C value of Shi Jiangjun Cave＇s deposit. The main conclusions got in this article are as follows： In rocky desertification areas, vegetation on the surface is always damaged seriously and soil is rare because of erosion. Under such kind of circumstance, karst water is mainly stored in bed rock. So, the thicker the bed rock is, the more stable the variability of drips＇ rate, pH value and temperature are. Correspondingly, the drips close to cave entrance are sensitive to environment with high variation. And also, the available amount of CO2 is scarce under intense rocky desertification environment, resulting in an abnormal phenomenon of higher pH value in rainy season than in dry season.

关 键 词：洞穴滴水 水文化学 石漠化 石将军洞 

分 类 号：P59[天文地球—地球化学]