中国与印度:粮食生产、土壤限制与肥料利用  

Research on the Cereal Production,Soil Constraints,and Fertilizer Use of China and India

作　　者：李晓云[1] 刘念洁[1] Hernandez Victor Manuel 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院 [2]国际玉米小麦改良中心

出　　处：《世界农业》2013年第6期135-141,167,共7页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"不同农业耕作系统主要粮食作物产量限制性因子评估与重要限制因子作用规律研究"(编号:71203073);教育部人文社科青年基金项目"中国与印度谷物耕作系统:土壤肥力与肥料相关因素对作物产量损失的相对重要性比较"(编号:12YJC630105)

摘　　要：本文回顾中印两国粮食生产与肥料利用历史,并以两国主要粮食生产为主的农业耕作系统为例进行比较,明确各农业耕作系统主要特征,土壤限制因子等级与缺陷,主要肥料种类(N、P、K)的偏生产效率。论文表明中国的肥料生产能力大于印度,粮食作物肥料投入水平和单产水平均高于印度。坡地、侵蚀和土壤酸性是中印6个农业耕作系统土壤常见的限制因子,水涝是中国和印度的水稻生产系统(中国低地平原系统,印度水稻系统)重要的限制因子,盐碱化是中国和印度的小麦生产系统(中国温带混作,印度水稻—小麦系统)重要的限制因子。本文为进一步深入探讨两国土壤肥力与肥料利用因子对主要粮食作物单产损失的影响提供基础,为中国在土壤肥力、肥料利用等领域的研究找到优先突破口,同时也为印度等南亚地区国家的粮食生产提供一定的借鉴。This study restores the Sino-Indian cereal production and fertilizer use in past decades.Cereal production based on farming systems in both countries are concerned.The characteristics of farming systems,soil production constraints,fertilizers(N,P,K) partial production efficiency and market access have been excavated and compared between similar farming systems.This paper finds that the fertilizer production capacity in China is much larger than India,and the cereal crop yield and fertilizer input level are higher than India.And the Land slope,soil erosion and acid are popular constraints within 6 focused farming systems.Subject to waterlogging is widespread soil constraints for China and India rice based systems(lowland rice system in China,Rice system in India),salinity is important for wheat based system(Temperate mixed system in China,Rice wheat system in India).The index of minutes to market shows India on the whole is better than china.This study offers much useful information emphasizing further research on yield losses,which resulted from soil fertility degradation and inappropriate fertilizer use,helping identify the key points of related research on soil fertility,fertilizer use in China and provide reference solutions to food security for India and other South Asian countries.

关 键 词：肥料利用 粮食生产 土壤酸性 印度 中国 耕作系统 限制因子 粮食作物 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F335.1