径向水平井直旋混合射流钻头破岩特性  

Rock Breakage Characteristics of Integrating Straight and Swirling Jet Bit for Radial Horizontal Drilling

作　　者：廖华林[1] 李根生[2] 牛继磊[1] 迟焕鹏[2] 黄中伟[2] 马东军[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2013年第3期471-478,共8页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50904075;51274235);国家重大基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2010CB226706);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：利用水射流破岩钻径向水平微小井眼技术是近年发展起来的开发低渗油气藏和提高原油采收率的新方法,目前各种单一射流尚无法同时实现钻大孔和钻深孔的目的.根据直射流和旋转射流特性,设计出一种兼具直射流与旋转射流优点的直旋混合射流钻头.试验研究了冲蚀时间、驱动压力、喷距和围压等因素对直旋混合射流钻头破岩钻孔特性的影响.结果表明,直旋混合射流钻头所形成的射流兼具直射流和旋转射流特点,具有较好的扩孔能力和较大的钻孔深度,随着围压增加,直旋混合射流破岩能力降低.为径向侧钻微小井眼射流钻头设计提供了一种方案.The use of water jet drilling ultra-short radial horizontal holes is a new method to develop low permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs and enhance oil and gas recovery in recent years. Current single-jet bits have been unable to implement the purpose of drilling a large and deep hole simutaneously. According to the comparison of advantages of round straight jets and swirling jets, a new type of jet bit with mixing flows of straight jets and swirling jets was designed. An experimental study was mainly conducted on rock breakage characteristics by the new designed bit with self-developed devices under submerged and ambient pressure conditions. In the test, the effects of erosion time, driving pressure, standoff distance and the magnitude of ambient pressure on rock breakage were performed. The results reveal that the jet integrating straight and swirling flows inherits both the large impact area of a swirling jet and the deep penetration of a round straight jet. Rock remove efficiency decreases with an increment of ambient pressure. The results would provide a reference for jet bit design in radial horizontal drilling.

关 键 词：微小井眼 水射流 破岩 油气增产 围压 

分 类 号：TD231.62[矿业工程—矿井建设]