重症颅脑损伤不同阶段病情的观察与护理  被引量:3

Observation and nursing of severe craniocerebral injury in different stages of disease

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作  者:宋利梅[1] 杨冬颖[1] 张爱[1] 王建竹[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国中医科学院望京医院神经外科,北京100102

出  处:《中国医药科学》2013年第10期116-117,131,共3页China Medicine And Pharmacy

摘  要:目的探讨重型颅脑损伤早、中、晚3个阶段病情的特点,针对性采取相应的护理措施,提高护理质量,降低死亡率。方法回顾63例重症颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,统计出现颅内迟发血肿、消化道应激性溃疡出血、肾功能衰竭、窒息、尿崩症等严重合并症和并发症的时间。结果早期出现的并发症:颅内迟发血肿15例(15/15),尿崩症15例(15/15),窒息3例(3/3),死亡13例(13/16);中期肺部感染30例(30/38),消化道应激性溃疡,肾功能衰竭2例(2/3),死亡2例(2/16);晚期出现营养不良1例(1/1),死亡1例(1/16)。结论重型颅脑损伤病情重,变化快,死亡率高。但是每个阶段并发症和合并症的发生有一定的特点,根据这些特点采取针对性观察,及时发现病情的变化,及时有效的采取医疗和护理措施,有助于避免/减少并发症的发生,对降低死亡率提高生存质量有重要的意义。Objective To study the features of patients with severe eranioerebral injury in the early,middle and final stages of disease in order to improve nursing quality and reduce mortality by taking specific nursing measures. Methods The information of 63 patients with severe craniocerebral injury was reviewed, based on which the delayed intracranial hematoma,digestive tract stress ulcer bleeding,renal failure, asphyxia,insipidus and other serious complications and the time of complications were analyzed statistically. Results Early stage complications included 15 cases (15/15) of delayed intracranial hematoma,15 cases (15/15) of insipidus,3 cases (3/3) of asphyxia,13 cases (13/16) of death;Middle stage complications included 30 cases (30/38) of pulmonary infection,2 cases (2/3) of digestive tract stress ulcer and renal failure,2 cases (2/16) of death;Late stage complications included 1 case (1/1) of malnutrition and 1 case (1/16) of death. Conclusion Severe eraniocerebral injury has severe conditions,changes quickly and results in high mortality. But the complications of each stage of disease have certain features, based on which specific observation can be conducted for the purpose of timely discovery of condition changes and timely implementation of medical and nursing measures.This is conducive to avoiding/reducing the occurrence of complications and is important to reduce mortality and improve quality of life.

关 键 词:重症颅脑损伤 不同阶段 病情变化 护理措施 

分 类 号:R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]

 

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