唐宋任官回避制度初探  

A Preliminary Exploration of the Challenge System to In-office Officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：杜文玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第3期80-90,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(12BZS032)

摘　　要：唐宋时期是我国古代任官回避制度的成熟时期,主要表现在如下方面:一是制定了专门的任官避亲法令;二是回避的范围比之前代有了很大的扩展,涉及从科举考试、铨选任官、任职范围、亲属回避等各个方面;三是制定了专门针对外戚、宗室、权臣要官子弟及亲属的任官办法,抑制了其势力的发展;四是将古代的对移之制推行到任官避亲之中。任官回避制度的成熟对吏治的整顿和预防腐败发挥了积极作用。The ancient challenge system to in-office officials in our country became matured in times of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Its maturity showed itself in the following ways： First, special decrees were introduced for in-office officials to avoid their relations. Secondly, the avoidance scope was more extended than before, invol- ving nearly every matter of government, such as imperial examination, selection of officials, limits of authority, a- voidance of relations and whatever. Thirdly, special regulations were established to appoint officials out of offspring and relations of consort relatives, imperial families, and powerful subjects, restricting the growth of their influence. Finally, the ancient exchange system was introduced to in-office officials avoiding their relations. The maturity of the challenge system to in-office officials played an active role in rectifying administration of officials and preventing corruption.

关 键 词：科举考试 任官回避 别头试 门荫入仕 避亲嫌 对移之制 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史]