电化学基础(Ⅳ)——电极过程动力学  

Fundamentals of electrochemistry (Ⅳ)——Electrode kinetics

作　　者：马洪运[1] 贾志军[1] 吴旭冉[1] 廖斯达[1] 王保国[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2013年第3期267-271,共5页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：化学工程联合国家重点实验室2011年自主课题立项;国家自然科学基金项目(21076112;21276134)

摘　　要：电极过程动力学对电化学过程起着支配作用,研究成果广泛用于化学工业、能源领域、材料科学和环境保护等领域。电极过程主要由扩散传质、传荷过程以及表面吸附/脱附步骤构成。电活性物质从溶液主体到电极表面的传质过程包括对流、扩散和电迁移三种基本形式。电流-电势关系是表征电极反应动力学的基本途径,并在特定的电极条件下,可以推导得出Tafel半对数极化曲线公式和Butler-Volmer电极动力学公式。广义的表面转化过程包含了前置的表面转化步骤和后置的表面转化步骤。此外,利用流体力学计算能够反映电极表面流体流动对旋转圆盘电极过程的传质影响。通过对上述基本概念的总结与归纳,能够加深对电化学核心内容的把握,有利于研究开发新型应用电化学技术。Electrode kinetics plays a central role in electrochemical processes relevant to a number of industrial sectors including chemical, energy, material and environment protection. The electrode kinetic processes include diffusion, charge transfer in electrolyte and surface adsorption/ desorption. The modes of mass transfer processes include convection, diffusion and electronic migration. The current-voltage relationship is the basic route to characterize the electrode reaction kinetics, and under specific electrode conditions, the Tafel semi-log equation and Butler-Volmer dynamic equation could be derived respectively for polarization curves and electrode reaction kinetics. The surface processes include pre-positive and post-positive surface conversions. Moreover, fluid mechanics calculations can reveal the tangential flow behavior on the surface of electrode and the effects on mass transfer of rotating disk electrode process.

关 键 词：电极过程 动力学 扩散传质 表面吸附 流体力学 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]