清末新式教育的推广与乡村社会的无序化——以劝学绅董的权力扩张为中心  

The promotion of modern education and rural social disorder in the Late Qing Period

作　　者：高歌[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学系,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《湖北师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第3期80-83,共4页Journal of Hubei Normal University（Philosophy and Social Science）

摘　　要：清末"新政"以来,国家开始在乡村大规模推广新式教育。为了满足新式教育发展的需要,加强国家对地方教育的控制,国家开始陆续在地方建立教育行政机构劝学所。由于其后发、外生的特征,作为"国家政权建设"重要组成部分的地方教育行政机构的扩张预示着一种与18世纪欧洲不同的道路。随着劝学所的出现,各州县出现了一个劝学绅董群体,他们从体制外进入体制内,获得了办理地方学务的权力。但由于国家没有能力使其实现完全的官僚化或完全的自治,在"官绅通力合作"的办学模式下,这些劝学绅董的权力得到了极大的扩张,且没有受到有效的监督。随着国家权力在乡村的急剧扩张,以及劝学绅董越来越把办理学务当作谋取私利的工具,乡村社会中的绅民矛盾也越来越尖锐,许多地方日益呈现出无序化状态。Since the Late Qing Reforms, the state began to promote the rural modem education in large scale. To meet the needs of the development of modern education and to strengthen the state＇s control of local education, the government began to establish the educational administrative agencies called Department for Encouraging Learning in districts and counties. Due to its late -development and exogenesis, as an important part of China~ State -making, the expansion of local educational ad- ministrative agencies indicated a path different from that in the 18th century Europe. With the emergence of the Department for Encouraging Learning, the gentry entered the government and had a mandate covering the educational affairs. But because the state had no ability to make it completely bureaucratic or completely autonomous, under the government- gentry cooperation, the powers of the gentry got great expansion and were not under effective supervision. With the rapid expansion of state power and the trend that more gentry saw dealing with educational affairs as a tool for private benefits, the contradiction between the gentry and the peasants was becoming more and more sharp, and many rural areas were showing increasingly social disorder.

关 键 词：新式教育 教育行政机构 劝学绅董 权力扩张 乡村社会无序化 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]