茄科天仙子族的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义  

Structural Characters of Leaf Epidermis in Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae) and Their Systematic Significance

作　　者：杨冬之[1] 张志耘[1] 温洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》2000年第2期133-142,共10页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：中国科学院分类区系学科特别支持费项目!(951 6);国家自然科学基金!(39670 0 58);国家留学基金!(98491 0 0 5)资助项目&&

摘　　要：在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下 ,观察了茄科天仙子族 7属 2 1种及其邻近类群 2属 3种共 2 4种植物的叶表皮特征。结果表明 :气孔器在各种植物的上、下表皮均有分布 ,多为无规则型 ,也有不等细胞型 ;叶表皮细胞形状有不规则形、十字形、近长圆形和不规则多边形 ,垂周壁较平直、浅波状、波状或深波状。在扫描电镜下可见 :叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘近平滑、浅波状或波状 ;角质膜多为具条纹 ,也有同时具条纹和颗粒或鳞片 ,偶尔仅具颗粒和鳞片或光滑。气孔器类型可以作为区分天仙子属 (HyoscyamusL .)、山莨菪属 (AnisodusLink)、天蓬子属 (AtropanthePasch er)、颠茄属 (AtropaL .)这 4属植物的依据之一。叶表皮细胞形状和垂周壁式样在一些属和种中有一定的规律性 ,并与外部形态、孢粉学性状或地理分布相关。泡囊草属 (PhysochlainaG .Don)所有种类的叶表面角质膜常一致具条纹、颗粒和鳞片 ,天仙子属 (HyoscyamusL .)大部分种的叶表面角质膜仅具条纹 ,也有少数种具有颗粒 ,因此 ,叶片表面角质膜的特征对属和部分种类的划分有一定意义。The leaf epidermis of 24 species, representing 7 genera of the tribe Hyoscyameae and two related genera in the Solanaceae was examined through light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the stomatal apparatuses of the 24 species were present in both upper and lower leaf epidermis. The stomatal apparatuses were often anomocytic, but sometimes anisocytic. The leaf epidermal cells were usually irregular, crossed, nearly oblong or irregularly polygonal in shape. The patterns of anticlinal walls were slightly straight, sinuolate, sinuous or sinuate. Under SEM observation, the inner margin of the outer stomatal rim was nearly smooth, sinuolate or sinuous, and the cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis was often striated, sometimes striated, granular and scaly, and occasionally granular and scaly or smooth. Therefore, the types of the stomatal apparatuses in the tribe Hyoscyameae and the related genera are of some significance for determining the genera of Hyoscyamus L., Anisodus Link, Atropanthe Pascher and Atropa L. The shapes of leaf epidermal cells and the patterns of anticlinal walls vary among the 24 species examined which could be mainly divided into four types: (1) irregularly polygonal leaf epidermal cells and slightly straight or sinuolate anticlinal walls; (2) crossed or nearly oblong leaf epidermal cells and sinuous anticlinal walls; (3) irregular leaf epidermal cells and sinuous or sinuolate anticlinal walls; (4) irregular leaf epidermal cells and sinuate anticlinal walls. These variations correlate to a certain extent with the gross morphology, palynology and phytogeography in these genera. The cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis in the genus Physochlaina G. Don was usually identically striated, granular and scaly, while in the genus of Hyoscyamus L. it was mostly only striated but granular in a few species. Therefore, the characters of the cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis could serve as a criterion of distinguishing some genera

关 键 词：天仙子族 茄科 叶表皮 系统学意义 角质膜 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]