国家利益变迁与苏俄在中东铁路问题上态度的变化--以苏俄发表第一次对华宣言为例  

The changes of benefit of the country and the change of the attitude of Soviet Russia on the Chinese East railway——Taking the Soviet Union's First Declaration to China as Example

作　　者：马蔚云 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心 [2]黑龙江大学俄罗斯研究院,研究员哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2013年第6期49-59,共11页CPC History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中东铁路俄文档案文献的整理与研究”(11JJD870001);黑龙江省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“中东铁路的修筑及其对中俄(苏)关系的影响”(12512253)的阶段性研究成果;中俄人文合作协同创新中心科研项目资助

摘　　要：《苏俄第一次对华宣言》应有无偿归还中东铁路的内容,但苏俄后来对此予以否认。苏俄在归还中东铁路问题上前后所持态度发生很大变化,主要动因是由这一时期苏俄对华政策的基本思想与具体实践所决定的。其一,苏俄政府关于中东铁路的政策实际上始终未变,即不同意无条件归还中东铁路。其二,《苏俄第一次对华宣言》关于无偿归还中东铁路的规定,是苏维埃政府两重性外交的结果。其三,苏俄政府宣布无偿归还中东铁路,是出于获得中国在外交上承认的需要。总之,决定苏俄对华政策的主导因素不是意识形态,而是现实的国家利益。In ＂The first declaration of Soviet Russia to China＂ should include content of gratuitously return the Chinese East railway, but Soviet Russia has denied this later on. Soviet Russia hold the very large change in the attitude altogether at returning the Chinese East railway. Main reasons were decided by basic thought and concrete practice of China policy of Soviet Russia by this period. The first, in fact the policy of Soviet Russia on the Chi- nese East railway has not changed all the time, that is to say, Soviet Russia has disagreed with unconditionally re-turning the Chinese East railway. The second, the stipulate about gratuitously returning the Chinese East railway in ＂The first declaration of Soviet Russia to China＂ was results of double diplomatic of Soviet government. The third, Soviet government has declared to gratuitously return the Chinese East railway what is the need of getting admit of China in foreign affairs. In a word, the leading policy of Soviet Russia to China policy was realize form, just but the realistic benefit of the country.

关 键 词：中东铁路 《苏俄第一次对华宣言》 国家利益 

分 类 号：D815.9[政治法律—国际关系] K26[政治法律—政治学]