2011年医院感染现患率调查分析  

Investigation of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in 2011

作　　者：叶南圆[1] 孔庆芳[1] 程科萍[1] 王长娴[1] 李家玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京东南大学附属中大医院感染管理科,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第11期2539-2541,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染现状及抗菌药物使用情况,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对2011年12月2日的住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果调查住院患者985例,发生医院感染67例,现患率为6.8%;居前3位的科室为综合ICU、血液科和老年科,现患率分别为48.4%、25.0%和22.4%;感染部位居前3位的为下呼吸道、泌尿道和上呼吸道感染,分别占54.3%、21.7%和5.4%;病原菌检出以革兰阴性菌为主,占59.7%,其中铜绿假单胞菌居首位,占16.4%;调查日抗菌药物使用率为36.9%,治疗前病原菌送检率为78.7%。结论重点监控感染高危科室和易感因素,进一步加强抗菌药物使用的管理,可有效预防与控制医院感染的发生。OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of nosocomial infections and the use of antibiotics so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey, the prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections in the patients who enrolled the hospital on Dec 12, 2011 were investigated. RESULTS Among 985 cases of patients investigated , the nosocomial infections occurred in 67 patients with the prevalence rate of 6.8%. The top three prevalence rates were respectively in the general intensive care unit （48.4%）, hematological department （25.0%）, and geriatrics department （22.4%）. The lower respiratory tract, urinary tract , and the upper respiratory tract were the top three infection sites, accounting for 54. 3%, 21.7%, and 5.4%, respectively. The gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens isolated, accounting for 59.7 %, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent species of the gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 16. 4%. The utilization rate of antibiotics was 36. 9% on the survey day, and the submission rate of the pathogens before the treatment was 78.7 %. CONCLUSION It is important to strengthen the targeted monitoring of nosocomial infections in high risk departments and further enhance the management of antibiotics application so as to effectively prevent and control the nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 调查 病原菌 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]