稻谷深加工企业职业病危害因素调查  

Occupational hazards in rice intensive processing enterprise

作　　者：李雪飞[1] 宋小和 张秋玲[1] 李晓然[1] 盖永健[1] 周桂侠[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省职业病防治院职业卫生评价所,沈阳110005

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2013年第6期889-891,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解稻谷深加工企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素的种类、浓度、来源,寻找稻谷深加工过程职业病危害因素关键控制点和关键控制岗位,为职业病防护提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查和检测的方法,在全面了解原辅材料和生产工艺的基础上,对辽宁省沈阳市某稻谷深加工企业生产过程中有害因素的来源及分布进行识别,检测职业病危害因素的暴露水平,分析劳动者可能接触职业病危害因素的过程及可能造成的职业损害。结果该稻谷深加工企业仓储部工作塔,制米部碎米包装及米糠包装、未熟粒包装岗位谷物粉尘时间加权平均浓度分别为9.4、45.6、79.0、11.7 mg/m3,均高于谷物粉尘的时间加权平均容许浓度4 mg/m3;制米部砻谷、去石、碾米、抛光岗位及能源部锅炉房司炉岗位噪声声级分别为89.5、86.8、92.9、87.0、89.6 dB(A),均高于职业接触限值85 dB(A);气化炉旁一氧化碳短时间接触浓度为36.0 mg/m3,高于短时间接触容许浓度30 mg/m3。结论稻谷深加工企业存在的主要职业病危害因素为谷物粉尘、噪声和一氧化碳,关键控制岗位为制米部手工包装岗位和锅炉房司炉岗位。Objective To investigate the types,concentration levels and sources of the occupational hazards,and to assess key work settings for the control of the hazards in rice intensive processing process.Methods With field investigations and detections,raw materials and the production process were comprehensively analyzed;the source and distribution of the harmful factors in the production process were identified and occupational hazard exposure levels and possible health effects on the workers were measured.Results Time-weighted average（TWA） concentration of dust in warehousing department tower,rice packing department,rice bran packing,and immature grain packing were 9.4,45.6,79.0,and 11.7 mg/m^3,respectively,which exceeded the criteria of 4 mg/m^3.Noise levels at the sites of hulling,desands,rice milling,rice polishing,and boiler were 89.5,86.8,92.9,87.0,and 89.6 dB,respectively,which exceeded the criteria of 85 dB.The short time exposure level（STEL） of carbon monoxide in gasifier position was 36.0 mg/m^3,which exceeded the criteria of 30 mg/m^3.Conclusion The major occupational hazard factors in rice intensive processing enterprises are grain dust,noise and carbon monoxide.The key control positions are manual packing department and boiler room.

关 键 词：稻谷深加工 职业病危害因素 调查 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]