汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究  

Seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：崔光耀[1] 王明年[2] 于丽[2] 林国进[3] 

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100144 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [3]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2013年第6期1084-1091,共8页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

摘　　要：通过对汶川地震公路隧道震害调查资料的统计分析,对隧道洞口结构进行了震害分析,结果表明:洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,地震惯性力影响明显;硬岩洞口段隧道结构基本无破坏,软岩洞口段隧道结构震害较严重。通过三维有限差分数值模拟计算和现场典型震害分析,研究了公路隧道洞口结构的震害机理。探明了洞外结构震害机理,即洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,震害的主要原因是地震惯性力,洞门墙结构和基础设计不合理以及隧道洞口所处位置也是影响洞外结构震害的重要因素。探明了洞口段隧道结构震害机理,即正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构存在软硬围岩交界面时,其附近软岩内隧道结构受较大强制位移作用;正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构覆盖层为软岩时,震害的主要因素是地震惯性力。研究成果对公路隧道洞口结构的抗减震技术有着重要的意义。By analyzing the seismic survey data of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake, the results show that the structure outside the tunnels is more influenced by the secondary disasters, and impacted by seismic inertia force significantly; and that there is almost no structural damage of tunnel portal section in hard rock, while more serious damage occurs in soft rock. Through three-dimensional finite difference numerical simulation and analysis of typical field damage, seismic damage mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels is studied. The seismic damage mechanism of structure outside the tunnels is proved, that is, the structure outside the tunnels is more easily influenced by the secondary disasters, and the seismic damage is mainly due to inertia force, and unreasonable design of wall structure and foundation of the tunnel entrance is also an important factor. The damage mechanism is proved of portal structure of tunnels. That is, when the tunnel passes through the slope with soft and hard rock surfaces directly, the tunnel structure around soft rock is greatly affected by the forced displacement. When the tunnel is covered by soft rock, the seismic inertia force is the main factor. These results are significant to the anti-seismic and damping technology of portal structure of highway tunnels.

关 键 词：洞口结构 震害分析 震害机理 地震惯性力 强制位移 

分 类 号：TU475.1[建筑科学—结构工程] U459.2[建筑科学—土工工程]