句法结构隐含义的显现与句法创新  

The Emergence of Implicit Meanings of Syntactic Structures and Syntactic Innovations

作　　者：江蓝生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100732

出　　处：《语言科学》2013年第3期225-234,共10页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：文章通过现代汉语的叠合句"差一点没VP"的产生、湘鄂某些方言点的数量词"两个"的语法化、无标记动结式"VC、VOC"演变为带标记动结式"V得/教C、V得/教OC"等三个案例,说明说话人意图对句法结构的影响,从中概括出句法创新的一条独特路径:把句法结构的隐含义或隐含项显现到句法结构表层,使原句法结构的构造、语义发生变化,从而产生出新的句法结构。加强语言表达的明晰性和感情色彩是这类句法创新的语用动因,类推、重新分析是推进和完成演变过程的机制。文章还说明语境不能狭隘地理解为句子的上下文句法环境、篇章联系等,它还包括人们对客观事物的认识和主观评判、人的逻辑思维对句法结构语义认解的制约等等。The paper illustrates the impacts of speaker＇s intention on syntactic constructions with three cases, i.e. the origin of overlapping structure ＂cha yi dian rnei VP （差一点没 VP）＂ in modern Chinese, the grammaticalization of quantifiers ＂liangge （两个） ＂in some of the dialects in Hunan and Hubei and the evolution of unmarked verb-complement structures VC and VOC into the marked structures ＂V de/jiao C （V 得/教 C）＂, ＂V de/jiao OC （V 得/教 OC）＂, proposing a new path of syntactic innovation, namely, the implicit meanings or implicit elements of syntactic structures are projected to the surface of the structures, changing their structural or semantic properties and finally re- sulting in new structures. Emphasis of clearness and emotional nuance in expression is a pragmatic dynamic force for syntactic innovation. Analogy and reanalysis are the mechanism to promote and complete such a process of evolution. The paper also shows that the concept of context should not only be narrowly understood as syntactic environment and discourse linkage but should also be regarded as including objective cognition and subjective evaluation, the restraint of logical reasoning upon the meanings of syntactic structures, among others.

关 键 词：显现 差一点 两个 动结式 逆语法化 句法创新 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]