黄土高原油松人工林幼苗存活、生长及其与环境因子的关系  

Seedlings survival and growth and its relationship with environmental factors for the Pinus tabulaeformis plantation on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：刘史力[1] 王孝安[1] 郭华[1] 李昊[1] 刘鹏[1] 郑维娜[1] 王丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期62-67,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：选择黄土高原4种典型生境下栽植的同龄油松幼苗,分析各生境中幼苗株高、株高和基径间的相关性、幼苗存活率和死亡率变化以及幼苗生长和环境因素间的相关性.分析结果显示:各生境中油松幼苗存活率的大小为草地生境>灌木丛生境>杂木林生境>桦木林生境,各生境幼苗死亡率高峰为栽植后第一年和第二年,且第一年死亡数量占多数,可能与栽植第一年的保育措施不当有关;幼苗株高和基径均为草地生境>灌木丛生境>杂木林生境>桦木林生境,二者间呈正相关;影响该地区幼苗生长的主要环境因子为土壤酸碱度、种植密度、光照强度、坡度和其他物种的优势度,其中土壤酸碱度、物种优势度和栽植密度的影响最为重要,其次为光照强度和坡度.为有效提高油松幼苗成活率,促进其良好生长,栽植时宜首先选择酸碱度中性或近中性的土壤.考虑到光照条件,除将栽植密度控制在8株/10m2～10株/10m2的范围内,还要适时清除其他灌木和杂草,保证幼苗生长所需的营养条件.栽植地的坡度不宜过大,可选择小于20°的地块进行栽植,否则会对幼苗生长造成不利影响.Pinus tabulaeformis is one of the important species of plantation on Loess Plateau. In this study,peers planted Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings on four typical growth environments were chosen,analyzed seedling height, correlation between seedling height and base diameter, changes in seedling survival and mortality, and correlation between seedling growth and environmental factors. The results showed that seedling survival rate order is as follows, grassland habitats, bush habitat, weed trees habitat, and birch forest habitats. The seedling mortality peak in the first year after planting and the second year, and the largest number of deaths in the first year which may be related to the conservation measure in the first year. The seedling growth height and base diameter is positively dependant on the following order, grassland habitats, bush habitat, the weed trees habitat, and birch forest habitats. The main environmental factors affecting seedling growth in the region is as follows, soil pH, planting density, light intensity, slope and dominance degrees of other species, the most important factors are soil pH,dominance of other species and planting density, followed by light intensity and slope. The above results indicate that to effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings and promote its healthy growth, pH neutral or near-neutral soil are firstly considered. Taking the lighting conditions into account, addition of planting density should be controlled in the range from 8/10m2 to 10/10m2 ,and other shrubs and weeds should be cleaned also to ensure the required nutritional conditions of seedling growth. Slope of planting ground should be less than 20 degrees planting. Otherwise, it will cause adverse impact to seedling growth.

关 键 词：黄土高原 油松 幼苗 存活率 生长 环境因素 

分 类 号：Q943.1[生物学—植物学]