禁烟令实施前后北京市公共场所吸烟与控烟措施比较分析  

Comparative analysis on smoking and tobacco control measures in public places before and after the indoors smoking ban in Beijing

作　　者：冯雅靖[1] 董文兰[1] 何民富[1] 申涛[2] 曾光[2] 王宝华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目办公室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2013年第5期67-72,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：中国现场流行病学培训项目资助

摘　　要：目的:比较分析卫生部室内公共场所禁烟令实施前和实施三个月后北京市公共场所吸烟及控烟措施的变化情况,为公共场所控烟工作提供建议。方法:自行设计调查问卷,随机抽取北京市部分地区的餐馆、网吧、医院、长途汽车站和火车站共计326家进行观察性调查。结果:网吧吸烟现象最严重,吸烟网吧比例由93.8%降至75.6%,其它四类场所未见明显变化;餐馆和网吧工作人员对于吸烟者的劝阻率都低于10%。有禁烟标识的餐馆比例由49.7%提高至81.7%;不摆放烟具的网吧、餐馆和医院比例均有所提高;有63.6%的长途汽车站和50.0%的火车站仍在售卖烟草;有控烟宣传的场所比例医院为70.6%,其它四类场所均不足50%。结论:此次禁烟令在实施3个月后并未对北京市公共场所禁烟和控烟工作产生明显干预效果。建议进一步调查禁令未能取得明显效果的原因及其影响因素;进行长期的动态监测,开展禁烟政策的阶段性评估;完善处罚条款,明确监督检查机构;加强政府引导以提高公共场所控烟措施的普及程度。Objectives： In this paper, we compare the status of smoking and tobacco control measures in public places in Beijing before and after the Chinese Ministry of Health banned smoking indoors in public places. Methods： We designed questionnaires to be given to a complex sample survey spread across 326 public restaurants, cyber ca- fes, hospitals, railway stations, and long-haul bus stations in urban Beijing. Results：Of these 5 types of public places, the most smoking was observed in cyber-cafes, which went from 93.8% before the smoking ban down to 75.6% after the ban. There were no significant changes in the other 4 types of places. Dissuasion of smoking by staff was observed no more than 10% in cyber-cafes and restaurants. The presence of ＇no smoking＇ signs in restaurants went from 49.7% to 81.7%. The ashtrays and lighters were more absent in cyber-cafes, restaurants and hospitals. 63.6% of long-haul bus stations and 50.0% of railway stations still sold cigarettes after the smoking ban. 70. 6% of hospitals had anti-smoking posters or bulletin boards, and all the other 4 types of places were no more than 50%. Conclusions：After 3 months of the smoking ban, smoking in most public places was still common in urban Beijing. The smoking ban had a weak effect on tobacco control in those public places of Beijing. We suggest that further investigations should be conducted to determine the reasons and influencing factors of weak effects of the smoking ban. We also suggest setting up a long-term dynamic surveillance to evaluate this policy, clarify the penalty clause and supervi- sory department, and improve the prevalence of tobacco control measures in public places.

关 键 词：公共场所 控烟 卫生政策 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]