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作 者:尹海峰[1] 焦加国[1] 孙震[1] 刘满强[1] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1]
机构地区:[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095
出 处:《土壤》2013年第2期199-206,共8页Soils
基 金:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助
摘 要:针对当前我国水稻生产中日益严重的水资源短缺及稻田土壤氮素渗漏淋溶引发的面源污染问题,本研究通过设置2种灌溉方式及4个施氮水平的双因子交互试验,探讨了不同水肥处理对稻田土壤氮素渗漏淋溶的影响。结果表明,稻田20cm处渗漏水中NH4+-N浓度与施氮量呈正相关关系,减少氮肥施用量,可降低2%~35%的NH4+-N浓度,而80cm处N4+-N浓度与施氮量无相关关系;稻田20cnl、80cm处渗漏水中NO3-N浓度均与施氮量呈正相关关系;控制灌溉显著提高了稻田80cm处渗漏水中N03.N浓度,增幅达31%,但由于其水分渗漏量少,NO3-N淋溶量较常规灌溉仍降低16%~49%;NO3-N是稻田中氮素渗漏淋溶的主要形式,占氮素渗漏淋溶总量的77%~92%;减氮施肥条件下,N05.N渗漏淋溶量降低14%~56%。控灌减氮措施可很好地协调产量效益与水体环境效益,是适宜太湖地区的环境友好型水肥管理模式。Due to the growing deficiency of water resources and non-point pollution caused by nitrogen leaching losses from paddy fields in China, a field case study was conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics and the load of nitrogen leaching losses under different water and fertilizer managements by setting two kinds of irrigations and four kinds of nitrogen levels. Results showed that NH4+-N concentration in the leachate was positively correlated to N application rate at 20 cm soil depth, NH4+-N concentration reduced by 2%-35% when N input reduced, NH4+-N concentration did not correlated with N application rate at 80 cm soil depth. NO3 -N concentration were both positively related to N application rate at the above two depths. Control irrigation increased NO3 -N concentration significantly by 31%, and water leakage was less than traditional irrigation; however NO3 -N leachate was 16%-49% lower. Nitrogen was leached away mainly in the form of NO3 -N, and it was 77%-92% of total nitrogen leaching flux. Reducing nitrogen application rate decreased NO3 -N leaching flux by 14%-56%. Controling irrigation and reducing nitrogen application rate could coordinate economic benefit and water environmental benefit of nitrogen application well, and it would be environment-friendly water and fertilizer management methods for Taihu Lake region.
分 类 号:S153[农业科学—土壤学] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]
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