调控剂对锌镉污染土壤植物修复效率及后茬蔬菜重金属吸收的影响  

Effect of Amendments on Phytoextraction Efficiency and Metal Uptake of Following Vegetable in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

作　　者：任婧[1,2] 吴龙华[1] 刘鸿雁[1,3] 骆永明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第2期233-238,共6页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-G053);教育部211重点学科建设项目(211kst200902)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,在连续12年高量施用污泥有机肥引起的Zn、Cd污染土壤上种植伴矿景天,并向土壤中添加亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDS)、乙二胺二琥珀酸三钠(EDDS)、硫磺等化学调控剂及稳定剂钙镁磷肥,研究调控剂对伴矿景天吸收Zn、Cd及施用钙镁磷肥对后茬蔬菜重金属污染风险的影响,以期探索出既可提高超积累植物重金属吸取修复效率又能降低后茬农作物重金属污染风险的植物修复模式。结果表明,施用120 mmol/kg硫粉(Sed+S)处理可显著增加伴矿景天地上部生物量,分别比未加调控剂的对照处理伴矿景天(Sed)、伴矿景天添加有机调控剂(Sed+OE)处理增加34.7%和47.9%。施用3 mmol/kg IDS则显著降低了伴矿景天地上部Cd浓度,比Sed处理降低了35.5%。施用钙镁磷肥稳定剂可有效降低后茬蔬菜苋菜体内Zn、Cd浓度,降幅为57%、63%,施用4 g/kg钙镁磷肥后土壤醋酸铵提取态Zn、Cd分别较对照降低66.1%、72.4%。可见,适当施用硫肥能促进伴矿景天的生长,添加钙镁磷肥降低土壤有效态重金属浓度,减少后茬作物污染风险。High amount of organic manure made from sewage sludge was applied continuously within 12 years which resulted in soil zinc （Zn） and cadmium （Cd） contamination. This kind of Zn and Cd contaminated soil was collected to conduct the pot experiment for phytoextraction using Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator, Sedum plumbizincicola. Organic chelates, such as iminodisuccinic acid sodium salt （IDS）, ethylene diaminedisuccinic acid （EDDS） were applied, elemental sulphur （S） and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer （CaMgP） was also added to the soil in this experiment in order to find out a good enhanced remediation model that can enhance the extraction efficiency when growing hyperaccumulator and reduce the heavy metal concentrations in vegetables after phytoextraction. The results showed that compared to control or EDDS treatments, the shoot biomass of S. plumbizincicola was increased significantly by adding 120 mmol/kg sulphur, and the increase rates were 34.7%, 47.9%, respectively. Cd concentration in S. plumbizincicola plant shoot decreased significantly in treatment of 3 mmol/kg IDS, the decrease rate was 35.5% compared with the control. 4 g/kg of CaMgP fertilizer could reduce heavy metals＇ bioavailability, then decreased Zn and Cd concentrations in following vegetable Amaranthus spinosus by 57% and 63%, respectively. The soil ammonia acetate extractable Zn and Cd decreased by 66.1% and 72.4% respectively compared to control after application CaMgP fertilizer. Therefore, appropriate application of sulphur fertilizer could promote the growth of Sedum plumbizincicola and the addition of CaMgP fertilizer could reduce the concentration of the active heavy metals in the soil and the pollution risk of the later vegetables.

关 键 词：调控剂 伴矿景天 苋菜 Zn Cd 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]