长期施肥对典型壤质潮土中汞的影响  

Long-term Fertilization Impacts on Hg in A Typical Fluvo-aquil Soil

作　　者：王擎运[1,2] 张佳宝[1] 赵炳梓[1] 邓西海[1] 信秀丽[1] 陈吉 钦绳武[1] 

机构地区：[1]封丘农田生态系统国家试验站,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]苏州市农产品质量与环境监测站,江苏苏州215011

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第2期250-256,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100506);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-02 A);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX2-EW-N-08)资助

摘　　要：利用典型壤质潮土上的田间试验，分析长期不同施肥处理条件下土壤中汞（Hg）含量的变化，探讨了Hg在该类型农田生态系统中的来源、去向及累积趋势。结果表明，经过长期不同施肥处理，Hg在表层土壤（0～20cm）中的含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势，不同处理间则表现为NPK=NP=PKOM＋NPK（有机肥及无机肥各占一半1〉OM（有机肥）〉NK—CK（对照，不施肥）。Hg在土层中以向下迁移为主，0～40cm土层中Hg的含量变化明显，但底层土壤（40～60em）中的含量变化较小。Hg在次表层土壤（20～40cm）中的持续累积是表层土壤中Hg的重要去向，也致使Hg的生态风险更为隐蔽。Hg在壤质潮土中的含量，主要受到磷肥、有机肥、及灌溉水的影响，受到氮肥和钾肥的影响相对较小。其中，磷肥的施用是目前造成Hg在壤质潮土中累积的主要原因。This experiment was conducted since 1989 to study soil Hg balance and transfer with soil depth under the influence of long-term fertilization. Hg contents of surface soils in different treatments increased first and then decreased, in an order of NPK= NP =PK= OM＋NPK （Half organic fertilizer ＋ Half chemical fertilizer） 〉 OM （Organic fertilizer） 〉NK~ CK （Control, no fertilization）. Hg contents in some treatments were higher than the background value due to the use of phosphate fertilizer. Hg content in soil depth （0-40 cm） was affected more by long-term different fertilization than the underlying soil （40-60 cm）. Hg transferred downwards mainly in soil and accumulated in subsurface soils （20-40 cm） continually, which may hide the ecological risk of Hg. Hg content in soil was mainly affected by phosphate and organic matter fertilizers as well as irrigation water, but less affected by nitrogenous or potassium fertilizers, and the use of phosphorus fertilizer was the major reason which caused the accumulation of Hg in soil.

关 键 词：汞 长期施肥 累积 迁移 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]