长期施肥对红壤稻田土壤固定态铵的影响  

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Fixed Ammonium in a Red Paddy Soil

作　　者：彭英湘 陈安磊[2] 黄威[2] 王卫[2] 谢小立[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省环境监测中心站,湖南长沙410014 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2013年第3期376-380,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(编号:201203030)

摘　　要：利用红壤稻田施肥定位试验,研究了水稻关键生育期及经休闲期后土壤固定态铵(FA)的动态变化规律。结果表明,稻田土壤FA含量范围为128.6 mg/kg-235.1 mg/kg,占土壤全氮的比值为5.8%-10.5%。水稻生育期是土壤FA的积累阶段,各施肥处理土壤FA提高幅度为12.7%-49.0%,其中长期不施钾肥的处理(N、NP)土壤FA含量升高幅度显著高于施钾肥或者钾肥配施有机肥的处理(p<0.05)。土壤FA年均含量大小规律为:N>NP>NPK>NPKC>JS。休闲期土壤FA含量出现明显降低现象,平均降低幅度为18.8%,其中长期不施钾肥土壤FA降低幅度显著高于长期施用钾肥及有机肥的土壤(平均高出126.3%)。分析认为N的分段施用方式(基肥、蘖肥和穗肥)是土壤FA在水稻生育期持续提高的关键原因;钾肥的投入促进水稻对N素的吸收,从而减少土壤FA量;稻田杂草对FA的利用可能是休闲期土壤FA显著降低的主要原因。The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of soil fixed ammonium（FA） content during rice growth period and fallow season in a long-term fertilization field experiment.The result showed that the content of soil FA ranged from 128.6 mg/kg to 235.1 mg/kg,and FA/TN ranged from 5.8 % to 10.5 %.The content of soil FA was increasing constantly during the rice growth period,the rate of soil FA growth ranged from 12.7 % to 49.0 %,and soil FA in N or NP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments（p0.05）.The content of FA reduced by 18.8% averagely during fallow period,and reduced ratio of soil FA in treatments with no K fertilizer was significantly higher than that with chemical K fertilizer and organic matter application.The key reason of increasing FA during rice growth was the nitrogen application pattern（base fertilizer,fertilizer for tillering and head sprouting）,chemical K fertilizer application affected soil FA thorough reducing the content of soil NH4＋,and nitrogen absorption by the weed might be the main reason of FA reducing during the fallow season.

关 键 词：长期施肥 红壤稻田 休闲期稻田 水稻生育期 固定态铵 

分 类 号：S506[农业科学—作物学]