2008—2011年上海市黄浦区肺结核病流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huangpu District of Shanghai City from 2008-2011

作　　者：严玲[1] 周敬信[1] 任娟英[1] 马巧生[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科,200023

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第11期1298-1301,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过分析2008—2011年上海市黄浦区肺结核流行特征,为今后的肺结核预防控制工作提供依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病专报中,首管理单位为黄浦区疾病预防控制中心的肺结核患者资料进行核实、汇总;利用Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 2008—2010年黄浦区肺结核发病率和涂阳率递减,但2011年较上一年升高;男性肺结核发病率和涂阳率均比女性高,但女性疫情出现回升比男性早;肺结核患者平均年龄为(48.14±20.26)岁,男性发病年龄显著高于女性(P=0.001),70岁以上年龄段的发病率迅速上升;以每年7、8月为发病高峰,老西门社区发病率最高;目前病例发现方式以因症就诊为主(53.98%),但健康检查方式所占比例逐年上升;发病类型以新发病例为主,复发病例的涂阳率显著高于新发病例(P<0.01)。结论应进一步加强黄浦区肺结核疫情监测与分析,探索2011年疫情回升及女性发病率升高的原因;加强对肺结核防治人员的业务培训,不断提高对肺结核患者,尤其是涂阴肺结核患者的诊断能力。[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huangpu District of Shanghai City from 2008-2011,and provide basis for its control in the future.[Methods]Data of the pulmonary tuberculosis cases firstly managed by Huangpu District Center of Disease control and Prevention were collected from the Tuberculosis-specific System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Excel 2007 and SPSS 17.0 were applied for data analysis.[Results]The incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis and smear positive decreased annually from 2008-2010 in Huangpu District,but both were higher in 2011 than that in 2010.Male incidence rate and smear positive rate were both higher than female,while the rebound of incidence rate and smear positive rate of female was earlier than male.The average age of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was（48.14 ±20.26） years old,and the mean onset age of male patients was significantly higher than female patients（P =0.001）.The incidence rate of those who aged above 70 years old went up rapidly.The peak incidence appeared in July and August,and geographically in Laoximen Community.Currently,visit due to related symptoms composed 53.98% among ways of pulmonary tuberculosis case detection,whereas the way of physical examination gained an increasing proportion annually.The majority of patients were new cases.The smear positive rate of recurrent patients was significantly higher than that of new cases（P 0.001）.[Conclusion]The surveillance and analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huangpu District should be enhanced so as to explore the reasons for both the higher incidence rate in 2011 and the higher incidence of female.Professional training for medical workers should also be enhanced to elevate the ability to make diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients,especially smear negative patients.

关 键 词：肺结核 流行特征 发病率 涂阳率 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]